CELLULAR REPRODUCTION - CRITIQUE ON NORMAL VS CANCEROUS CELLS

CELLULAR REPRODUCTION
Critique of Similarities and
Differences in Cell Cycles
Normal vs Cancerous Cells

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Cellular Reproduction
Strayer University
SCI 115
Online Spring 2012
Felicia McCaw 
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What is a cell? A cell is the basic structural basis and functional unit of all living organisms. It is the smallest unit of life that is identified as a living organism which is self-contained in itself and is called the foundation and building block of life. Cells are organisms that are individualized prototypes that form living tissue which sustain life and are the backbone of organs and structural basis of the entire human body. In the year of 1665 the cell was discovered by Robert Hooke and the first cell theory was first developed in 1839 by Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann which stated and supported that all organisms are composed of cells (one or more) and originate from an existing cell and effect the vital functions of an organism that occurs within cells and have embedded within them the hereditary information necessary for regulating cell functions and transmitting information to the next generation of cells.
In the cellular world of cells there are two types of cells which are (Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic). The Prokaryotic cells is simpler than Eukaryotic cells because it lacks a nucleus and most of the organelles that a Eukaryotic cells does and under the Prokaryotic category is bacteria and archaea which share a similar structure.
Eukaryotic cells are approximately 15 times wider than a typical Prokaryotic cell and 1000 times greater in volume. Examples of a Eukaryotic cell include the following: Plants, animals, fungi, slime moulds, protozoa and algae. Also, one of the major differences in these cells (Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic) is that Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound compartments that enable metabolic activities to occur within. Eukaryotic DNR is organized in one or more linear molecules called chromosomes which are associated with histone and all
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chromosomes DNR is stored in a cell nucleus whereas in the Prokaryotic cell the DNR is
condensed in a nucleoid.
Further surrounding each cell is a membrane that encloses or envelops it and allows the separation of its interior from its environment to enable regulation of intake and outtake (selectively permeable) and maintains the electric potential of the cell. The DNR in the cell is the most favorable molecule for genetic material because it carries the intricate pattern of life in one DNR spiral. This spiral contains genes and has genetic information embedded into it and also has structural purposes and because of this genetics is comparable to genes because it allows the process of building protein molecules which perform important tasks for cell functions that serve as building blocks. Also, because the genetic material is situated into DNR this allows the perfect dividing of the nucleus into two daughter cells to retain a copy for each with the same genetic code.
The RNA (transcription) compared to the DNR reflects a section in the cellular division and when processed the none-coding parts are removed and transported out of the nucleus. Also, RNA is a single coded strand which contains the coding removed from the cell prior to duplica-tion and DNR passes genetics information to RNA which is stored in the sequence of bases.
Once mitosis is initiated the separation and preparation of a cell for the six phrases are:
prophrase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis. After the cell has gone through the six phrases and normality has been established the reproduction rate continues on a standard pattern as before but if a deviation has occurred in a cell causing abnormality of and results in increased duplication of cancerous cells and begin a pattern of accelerated mitosis. Further because the cell(s) have a cancerous nature and evolve to cancerous tissue this will cause
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a higher mitotic index because of increased cellular activity and evolutionary reproduction of mutated cells which results in cancerous tissue.
Consequently, during cell divisions and cycling this allows the growth and evolutionary process to evolve through the functioning of cellular metabolism and processing of nutrient molecules and acquiring of ATP to continue the process of cellular reproduction.












REFERENCE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)
http://libray.thinkquest.org/12413/mitosis.html
http://publications.nih.gov/insidethecell/chapter4.html