Suicide 1
Suicide
Strayer University
Felicia McCaw
Professor Idonia K. Barrett
CRJ322
Online Summer 2017
August 18, 2017
Suicide 2
Suicide
Suicide and its consequences is one of the prevalent and second leading causes of death of people in their early adulthood. Affecting teenagers, young and older adults it is the cause of death that exceeds all medical illnesses combined. The act of suicide is a deliberate process that is premeditated and planned. As quoted by Durkheim, the act itself is defined as “all cases of death resulting directly or indirectly from a positive or negative act of the victim himself, which he knows will produce [suicide] (1951:44).
The concept of suicide and suicidal has a level of ambigurousity that prevents the clear defining of the reason why the act can be perceived as a social obligation rather than as a choice. But associated with suicide is behavior that is self-destructive and are indicated as indirect suicidal behavior. Therefore, people who choose the act of suicide have the possibility of having undiagnosed depression that may co-currently exist with mental issues that allow acts outside the norm of behavior. Further the ability of having socialization of accepting suicide as an alternative or way of exiting a life that appears too fragmented is a primary problem and a realism that makes the outlet more accepting. Social integration is a factor that allows exhibiting of internal crisis from aggression and be realized in suicide.
Consequently, suicide and depression are depletions in adjustment and socialization because the inability to become immune and stronger has been reduced and subsequently destroyed and result in compliance and concession and a wish to cease to exist. Therefore, as quoted by Ringel (1977) three principle components of a predictable suicide syndrome: (1) constricting or narrowing alternatives, leaving problems with an all-consuming image and no way out except suicide; (2) a certain aggressive response directed toward oneself, perhaps leading to self-blame
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for an unfortunate accident or some other trauma in one’s life; and (3) indulgence in suicidal fantasies that construct and mentally play out suicidal acts.
Because the very existence of utilizing suicide as a closing finality and frightening increase as a choice this makes this a focal point and interest of social media to attempt to foil using suicide as a alternative. Also, because of the very finality and closed nature that gives no relational answers as to why the push by the social media will always be geared toward prevention and helping people remain open to assistance and obtain security, intimacy and bonding to support and prevent upheavals that cause suicidal thoughts.
Further because suicide rates vary around the world the concept and theory is that the cultural viewpoint is different as well as the acceptability by socialization and differentiating norms and taboos. Also, the roles that depression and hopelessness play in creating suicidal thoughts (called suicide ideation) or behavior is paramount in being a step in the development of the suicide process. As with any devastating emotional state the feeling of hopelessness is likened to a close door that cannot be opened with depression as its complement.
Also, with the destruction of self-concept and attitude this encourages and acts as a continuance also to the suicide process. Further that as with other behavior people can learn suicidal behavior and may associate awards or advantages in utilizing a self-destructive act. Since the act is self-destructive it is not irrational behavior but deemed to be an act of purpose which expresses meaning that serves as a rational solution to a problem. As a result possible causes for the differences in suicide rates around the world may also be inclusive of biopsychosocial causes which would include mental health disorders, environmental factors relating to stressful life, e.g., social loss, victimized by harassment, bullying, physical abuse and access to firearms and drugs. Lastly, sociocultural factors would include being isolated or not
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being accepted coupled with other catalysts, e.g., difficulty seeking help or support, lack of access to mental health or substance abuse treatment, a belief system that accepts suicide as a solution and exposure to suicidal behavior.
As pertaining to suicide as a solution and conclusion, it should be considered deviant behavior. In the case of some religions, it is not an acceptable way to end a life but is viewed as a transgression and sin. It is further regarded as an act of disbelief in God’s ability and love to help and restore the light and joy in all people’s life. As such it is considered deviant because people fear for their immortal soul. Also, suicide is considered a cowardly act that reflects the inability to stand upon God’s principles and right.
The act of cyberbullying is defined as “willful and repeated harm inflicted through the use of computers, cell phones, and other electronic devices” (Hinduja & Patchin, 2009; Patchin & Hinduja, 2006). Since the act parallels to bullying it is behavior that has to be intentional with deliberacy, repeated with a noticeable pattern to harm an individual or targeted entity. Further cyberbullying is a form of stalking and online assault that affects a person psychologically, mentally and overall physiologically and should be viewed as a premeditated act of intent and intimidation which reveals a nature of criminality. Assessing the role of cyberbullying is a viability that helps link the experience of peer harassment online with offline as it contributes to “… depression, decreased self-worth, hopelessness, and loneliness – all of which are precursors to suicidal thoughts and behavior (Graham & Juvonen, 1998; Hawker & Boulton, 2000, Joiner & Rudd, 1996; Kaltiala-Heino, Rimpela, Rantanen et al., 2000; Langhinrichsen-Rohlig & Lamis, 2008; Marr & Field, 2001; Roland, 2002).
Other aspects of bullying and cyberbullying include being ignored, disrespected, picked on, or otherwise hassled, spreading of rumors, stalking, or physical threats either personally or
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through some electronic communications. Also, “…Internet-based harm often coincided with other issues (such as offline mistreatment, emotional and psychological problems, academic difficulties, low self-esteem, clinical depression, a lack of a support structure, etc.) to culminate in a final tragic outcome (Hinduja & Patchin, 2009).
Further it is a prevailing aspect that leads to “…several high-profile cases involving teenagers taking their own lives in part because of being harassed and mistreated over the Internet (Apollo, 2007; Halligan, 2006; Jones, 2008), a phenomenon recently termed cyberbullicide – suicide indirectly or directly influenced by experiences with online aggression (Hinduja & Patchin, 2009). Also, cyberbullying and bullying can also involve direct or indirect aggression (Ericson, 2001; Limber & Nation, 1998; Olweus, 1978; Tattum, 1989), with the former involving physical violence (hitting, kicking, taking items by force) and verbal violence (taunting, teasing, threatening) (Hawker & Boulton, 2000) and the latter typically consisting of more subtle, manipulative acts (such as extorting, ostracizing, or intimidating another person) (van der Wal, de Wit & Hirasing, 2003).
Thereby, “… a distinction is made between overt aggression and relational aggression, with the former involving name calling, pushing, or hitting and the latter involving gossip, rumor-spreading, sabotage, and other subtle behaviors destructive to interpersonal relationships (Crick & Grotpeter, 1995; Prinstein, Boergers, & Vernber, 2001; Wolke, Woods, Bloomfield et al., 2000). Based upon findings “it appears that bullying and cyberbullying victimization was a stronger predictor of suicidal thoughts and behaviors than was bullying and cyberbullying offending (Hinduja & Patchin, 2010).
In the case of Rebecca Sedwick’s suicide as a result of constant bullying and cyberbullying, personal tormenting and in relation to taking into account the First Amendment and freedom and speech and expression has caused a conflictual point whereas the rights of one
has been submerged by an act of cruelty. In a nation that guarantees fairness to all this
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inaccordance speaks highly of unfairness and a travesty of justice. In fact, the slippery slope argument is prevalent as a standstill and point of continuance and allowance. Further the effect of social media is a devastating tool of destruction in a youth, medium and adult life and can be a further attributor to suicidal ideation and attempts and accomplishments.
Therefore, since all people are due a level of appropriate treatment for good and civil interactions it is the right of each citizen granted sanctuary to defend self against any level of detriment that reflects a portrayal of falsehood against character. Consequently, the right to challenge is always an inherent right based on the Constitution to protect self, home, family and right to livelihood and due to the social media being an overall global accessed by internet the right to levy charges against a destruction of life and future is also an inherent right to protest a cruelty done with intention.
With that in mind, based on the Constitution if an act is done with true malice and deliberate intent to maliciously harm and compel an act of unwant the right parallels to charge Katelyn Roman and Guadalupe with aggravated stalking and intimidation.
References
Clinard, M. B., & Meier, R. F. (2016). Sociology of deviant behavior. Boston, MA, USA: Cengage Learning.
Luxton, I. d., June, J. D., & Fairall, J. M. (2012). Social Media and Suicide: A Public Health
Perspective. American Journal Of Public Health, 102(S2), S195-S200.
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300608 1/
Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2010). Bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide. Archives
Of Suicide Research: Official Journal Of The International Academy For
Suicide Research, 14(3), 206-221. doi:10.1080/13811118.2010.494133
van Geel, M., Vedder, P., & Tanilon, J. (2014). Relationship between peer
victimization, cyberbullying, and suicide in children and adolescents: a
meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 168(5), 435-442.
doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.4143
Kegler, S. R., Stone, D. M., & Holland, K. M. (2017). Trends
in Suicide by Level of Urbanization – United States,
1999-2015. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly
Report, 66(10), 270-273.
doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6610a2
10 Countries With The Highest Suicide Rates in The World. (2016,
March 31). Retrieved August 18, 2017, from
http://www.wonderslist.com/10-countries-with-the-highest-suicide-rates/
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