RESPONSE TO CO-STUDENT
I agree that science and pseudoscience are not comfortable bedfellows because of their structural approaches. I agree that some claims are very unusual and almost unbelievable but after careful scrutiny some relay some credibility.
Being a skeptic is good but being open minded allows change and adjustment to alteration in people's reactions and approaches to dealing with change.
Thank you.
Felicia
RESPONSE TO CO-STUDENT
I agree with your thoughts that perceptions cause difficulties and misunderstandings. Sometimes the claims are promotional but may be based on a limited test group. Therefore, these results cannot be controlled or judged as ineffectual. I also agree that it would be unwise to believe anything recently or in the future.
Thank you.
Felicia
CURRENT DQ:
"Identifying Truth or Fiction"
The video clip ‘The Baloney Detection Kit’ in the Webtext this week discusses the many ways in which an effective critical thinker assesses the claims made by others. Explain what you believe is the real difference between ‘science’ and ‘pseudoscience’.
The real difference between science and pseudoscience is the procedure in identifying a problem whereas pseudoscience provides an explanation after a fact is determined. Also, the scientific method is a methodological process to test and observe and form a reasonable explanation or hypothesis and then test it to see if it supports the hypothesis or theory. Further the scientific method is repeatable and has more credibility then pseudoscience because it uses trackable reports and logical approaches to render an answer. Whereas pseudoscience does not consider alternatives and is limited in its perspective and does not adhere to peer reviews to help support a claim or query.
Examine the key reasons why so many people might seem to be attracted to more pseudoscience-type claims. Describe at least two (2) such claims that you have heard people make, and analyze the main reasons why such claims do or do not meet rigorous scientific methodology standards. Determine at least two (2) ways in which the material discussed this week has changed your own thinking.
The key reasons why so many people are attracted because the claims are sensational, emotionally charged and appealing and easy to be attracted to because they meet the ability to hopefully grant a wish.
Example One – Cider Vinegar
In relation to cider vinegar is its ability to be used for various health reasons, e.g., high blood pressure, salads, cleaning ability and other uses. Some people swear that a teaspoon helps to lower blood pressure. But if tested by scientific methodology it would probably not be enabled to be certified that it is true actuality and would work for everyone.
Example Two – Prunes
That eating and consuming of prunes would cause a predictive relief of constipation for everyone. Because of the varying procedures of each individual bodily functioning the claim would not meet rigorous scientific methodology because of mild, moderate and severe constipation cannot all be relieved by eating prunes.
Two ways the material that was discussed this week has given a more analytical lookout on how structured scientific methodology is and how sensation helps win compliance when dealing with pseudoscience and accepting it as true.
UPDATED DQ:
"Identifying Truth or Fiction"
The video clip ‘The Baloney Detection Kit’ in the Webtext this week discusses ways an effective critical thinker assesses claims made by others. Examine key reasons why people might seem attracted to pseudoscience-type claims.
Key reasons why people are attracted to pseudoscience type claims are:
1. Curiosity
2. Fascination
3. Willingness to try alternative prior to agreeing to surgery
4. Real science is difficult to understand
5. It goes along with their beliefs.
6. Inspires confidence
7. It goes along with their beliefs
8. It goes along with something they are trying to sell
9. The possibility it could be real.
10. It was once considered real science.
http://thesoapboxrantings.blogspot.com/2013/08/11-reasons-why-people-believe-in.html
Describe at least two (2) such claims that you have heard people make, and analyze the main reasons why such claims do or do not meet rigorous scientific methodology standards.
Example One – Crop Circles
Whether or not the feasibility that a UFO actually came and made this impression and because of this it is a pseudoscience claim because there is not a logical explanation to explain the odd appearance and impression in the crop field. Further the owner stated he did not stage it it just appeared over the weekend and the capability of it meeting a rigorous scientific methodology standard to attempt to explain it would be impossible.
https://circularstateofmind.wordpress.com/2014/06/16/crop-circles-2014-harewell-lane-nr-besford-worcestershire/
Example Two – Embarrassing Conspiracy Theories: Acts of Mass Murder are False Flag Attacks
In this example, the claim and act of mass murder is considered a false flag attack because it is more or less used to cause a belief that these murders are staged to impress the public and control the gun issuing and removing guns from the public hands. Therefore, it would be pseudoscience because it has no base in science but it is mysteriously disconnected and does not follow logically as a scientific methodology would if there was a concrete reason why it would be connective to science.
The material that was discussed was intriguing because it causes a new type of analysis to be done by using the principles of the Baloney Detection Kit to disregard this and evaluate that which causes the process of the claim to supported or disregarded. One of the questions that helps are personal beliefs affiliated with this claim and that would be an affirmative that if is similar to a personal vendetta.
http://thesoapboxrantings.blogspot.com/2012/08/embarrassing-conspiracy-theories-acts.html
Determine at least two (2) ways in which the material discussed this week has changed your own thinking.
The material discussed has allowed a new perspective with the amount of scandalous or unsupportive claims is believed and supported by intelligent people who supply large amounts of monies to these so-called ingenious trivia. Further it is quite amusing and distracting and entertaining to evaluate these supposed logical occurrences.
Thank you.
Felicia
Monday, September 18, 2017
PHIL210 CRITICAL THINKING DISCUSSION 5
RESPONSE TO CO-STUDENT
Determine whether or not the argument uses any deceptive statistics. Give your opinion on whether or not the argument has persuaded you. Explain why or why not.
I agree with your post partially with the estimations of time and the high sentencing but I do not believe that any destructive drug as cocaine and heroin should ever be legalized because it does damages that cannot be mitigated. Fate does not need to be tempted and have any young people or any person on these substances because the possibility of rehabilitating them is very bleak.
Your post is contradictory in that it refers to those who become addicted can use tax revenue for drug treatment and job training programs. With these hard core drugs the addicted have lots of physicality problems - inner damage to veins, organs and functioning normally, plus severe psychological problems that inhibit and prevent working and starting over.
Determine the primary ways in which statistics or authority are used in your current position in developing persuasive arguments, and provide examples of such use.
I agree that sometimes certain statistics can be used to secure an argument but those who are analytical should be able to read between the lines and make a good call anyway. Statistics is always raw data and does not close an argument but is used for support with the choice being 50/50 always.
Always assume a position of neutrality when making analytical decisions and look at all research in an impartial state.
Thank you.
Felicia
RESPONSE TO CO-STUDENT
Determine whether or not the argument uses any deceptive statistics. Give your opinion on whether or not the argument has persuaded you. Explain why or why not.
In response to your discussion the merit is not the quoted estimation but the perception that non-violent offenders are doing more time compared to those who have a dangerous nature and crimes that deal with death and murder.
Further it is more of a support to make analysis before making a decision but I feel the argument is weak and needs to be narrowed down to concentrate on making the argument sound and indefeatable. Also, the year is not a prevalent issue what is at hand is the scenario but if the argument would be or could be strengthened then a study can be done to use current statistics for further support.
Determine the primary ways in which statistics or authority are used in your current position in developing persuasive arguments, and provide examples of such use.
I agree with your post regarding statistics that they can either break or make an important decision. Further these statistics help when investing, expanding or selling stocks and inviting more members on the team.
Thank you.
Felicia
"Identifying Misleading Information in an Argument"
Consider the following argument: There are many arguments for the elimination or modification of current U. S. drug laws, but one of the most persuasive involves what negative effects drug laws are having on society in comparison with the effects of the drugs themselves. In the past ten years, most forms of drug use have dropped significantly, especially among teens. Despite this, non-violent drug offenders accounted for 21.1 percent of the federal prison population. First time drug offenders serve, on average, a sentence three months longer than kidnappers, nine months longer than burglars, and thirty-three months longer than sex abusers. In 1992, the average cost of keeping an inmate in either state or federal prison was about $20,000 per prisoner per year. The United States has the highest incarceration rate in the world, with 455 prisoners per 100,000 population. It is maintaining these prisoners at great expense in an environment where they are unlikely to develop a socially constructive attitude. Perhaps it is time that we reconsider our attitudes toward those who choose to use drugs; failure to do so may cost society even more than it already has.
Determine whether or not the argument uses any deceptive statistics. Give your opinion on whether or not the argument has persuaded you. Explain why or why not.
In the case of statistics, the use is simple and effective with easy understanding and clarity. Also, the ramifications of the amount of prisoners per 100,000 of the populace is a large amount when looking at it in scale is visible. Further if there is no societal reconstruction in these prisons then it causes a pause with a want of a renewal effort to effect reconditioning to rehabilitate to merge back in to society. With the understanding of prisons as correcting points in each prisoner’s life the goal is to try to prevent recidivism and a reentry into prison. Therefore, based on the above realization the picture of drugs and its consequences are evident but the argument itself does not have enough detail to support the elimination or altering of drug laws.
The drug rate of entry into this country is significantly high and even though the cost to house and secure them it is still not a strong enough argument because high volatile states of danger and death are associated with drugs. Further the changing of attitudes to a level of tolerance is clearly not a “thought out” process but it more or less strengthens the fortitude to deny drugs and their seductive state of enticement and beguiling mesmerization.
Societal costs are already apparent when the affect of drugs reflect its ravaging and raping effect in blight, dying of businesses, horrendous states of decay and hopelessness in people in cities, urban and rural locations. Lastly, drugs are status with the “clicks” because it is a fast paced life with materialistic glamour that shows a no-win situation for all and after critiquing the argument it is too weak but informative but cannot be used to make a decision that is huge and has many complexities and difficulties.
Determine the primary ways in which statistics or authority are used in your current position in developing persuasive arguments, and provide examples of such use.
The primary way statistics are used that affect my current position in developing persuasive arguments are that it gives a supportive to an argument but it does not wholly win the argument. When developing the aspects of advantage it must be clearly delineated and overwhelm the disadvantages and cause a pause to reflect is it a true worthy cause to support or a possible frivolous venture that cannot stand criticism or critical evaluation and therefore survival.
For Example,
If the cause is to adjust laws to deal with drugs then the argument would have to reflect a more definite expression and a way how to adjust to be more harder on drugs. In the way of how to adjust the argument is to be inclusive of what would help to narrow the argument’s delineative lines and make it possible because the argument is too broad and its purpose is not effective. Pinpointing on a segment can be more effective for example:
Readjusting the laws if a first time offender is non-violent would help the financial strain that is placed on each State and be a corrective when comparing years served by violent offenders.
The argument is good but has to also be steered toward who is the most dangerous the non-violent offender or those whose predatorial nature has violence embroiled within each mean dangerous act against each victim.
Consequently, the argument can be adjusted to work if it is pro non-violent prisoners and criteria established can be used to limit the amount of time given them.
Thank you.
Felicia
Determine whether or not the argument uses any deceptive statistics. Give your opinion on whether or not the argument has persuaded you. Explain why or why not.
I agree with your post partially with the estimations of time and the high sentencing but I do not believe that any destructive drug as cocaine and heroin should ever be legalized because it does damages that cannot be mitigated. Fate does not need to be tempted and have any young people or any person on these substances because the possibility of rehabilitating them is very bleak.
Your post is contradictory in that it refers to those who become addicted can use tax revenue for drug treatment and job training programs. With these hard core drugs the addicted have lots of physicality problems - inner damage to veins, organs and functioning normally, plus severe psychological problems that inhibit and prevent working and starting over.
Determine the primary ways in which statistics or authority are used in your current position in developing persuasive arguments, and provide examples of such use.
I agree that sometimes certain statistics can be used to secure an argument but those who are analytical should be able to read between the lines and make a good call anyway. Statistics is always raw data and does not close an argument but is used for support with the choice being 50/50 always.
Always assume a position of neutrality when making analytical decisions and look at all research in an impartial state.
Thank you.
Felicia
RESPONSE TO CO-STUDENT
Determine whether or not the argument uses any deceptive statistics. Give your opinion on whether or not the argument has persuaded you. Explain why or why not.
In response to your discussion the merit is not the quoted estimation but the perception that non-violent offenders are doing more time compared to those who have a dangerous nature and crimes that deal with death and murder.
Further it is more of a support to make analysis before making a decision but I feel the argument is weak and needs to be narrowed down to concentrate on making the argument sound and indefeatable. Also, the year is not a prevalent issue what is at hand is the scenario but if the argument would be or could be strengthened then a study can be done to use current statistics for further support.
Determine the primary ways in which statistics or authority are used in your current position in developing persuasive arguments, and provide examples of such use.
I agree with your post regarding statistics that they can either break or make an important decision. Further these statistics help when investing, expanding or selling stocks and inviting more members on the team.
Thank you.
Felicia
"Identifying Misleading Information in an Argument"
Consider the following argument: There are many arguments for the elimination or modification of current U. S. drug laws, but one of the most persuasive involves what negative effects drug laws are having on society in comparison with the effects of the drugs themselves. In the past ten years, most forms of drug use have dropped significantly, especially among teens. Despite this, non-violent drug offenders accounted for 21.1 percent of the federal prison population. First time drug offenders serve, on average, a sentence three months longer than kidnappers, nine months longer than burglars, and thirty-three months longer than sex abusers. In 1992, the average cost of keeping an inmate in either state or federal prison was about $20,000 per prisoner per year. The United States has the highest incarceration rate in the world, with 455 prisoners per 100,000 population. It is maintaining these prisoners at great expense in an environment where they are unlikely to develop a socially constructive attitude. Perhaps it is time that we reconsider our attitudes toward those who choose to use drugs; failure to do so may cost society even more than it already has.
Determine whether or not the argument uses any deceptive statistics. Give your opinion on whether or not the argument has persuaded you. Explain why or why not.
In the case of statistics, the use is simple and effective with easy understanding and clarity. Also, the ramifications of the amount of prisoners per 100,000 of the populace is a large amount when looking at it in scale is visible. Further if there is no societal reconstruction in these prisons then it causes a pause with a want of a renewal effort to effect reconditioning to rehabilitate to merge back in to society. With the understanding of prisons as correcting points in each prisoner’s life the goal is to try to prevent recidivism and a reentry into prison. Therefore, based on the above realization the picture of drugs and its consequences are evident but the argument itself does not have enough detail to support the elimination or altering of drug laws.
The drug rate of entry into this country is significantly high and even though the cost to house and secure them it is still not a strong enough argument because high volatile states of danger and death are associated with drugs. Further the changing of attitudes to a level of tolerance is clearly not a “thought out” process but it more or less strengthens the fortitude to deny drugs and their seductive state of enticement and beguiling mesmerization.
Societal costs are already apparent when the affect of drugs reflect its ravaging and raping effect in blight, dying of businesses, horrendous states of decay and hopelessness in people in cities, urban and rural locations. Lastly, drugs are status with the “clicks” because it is a fast paced life with materialistic glamour that shows a no-win situation for all and after critiquing the argument it is too weak but informative but cannot be used to make a decision that is huge and has many complexities and difficulties.
Determine the primary ways in which statistics or authority are used in your current position in developing persuasive arguments, and provide examples of such use.
The primary way statistics are used that affect my current position in developing persuasive arguments are that it gives a supportive to an argument but it does not wholly win the argument. When developing the aspects of advantage it must be clearly delineated and overwhelm the disadvantages and cause a pause to reflect is it a true worthy cause to support or a possible frivolous venture that cannot stand criticism or critical evaluation and therefore survival.
For Example,
If the cause is to adjust laws to deal with drugs then the argument would have to reflect a more definite expression and a way how to adjust to be more harder on drugs. In the way of how to adjust the argument is to be inclusive of what would help to narrow the argument’s delineative lines and make it possible because the argument is too broad and its purpose is not effective. Pinpointing on a segment can be more effective for example:
Readjusting the laws if a first time offender is non-violent would help the financial strain that is placed on each State and be a corrective when comparing years served by violent offenders.
The argument is good but has to also be steered toward who is the most dangerous the non-violent offender or those whose predatorial nature has violence embroiled within each mean dangerous act against each victim.
Consequently, the argument can be adjusted to work if it is pro non-violent prisoners and criteria established can be used to limit the amount of time given them.
Thank you.
Felicia
PHIL210 CRITICAL THINKING DISCUSSION 4
RESPONSE TO CO-STUDENT
I agree that the bandwagon fallacy is being used in that it indicates an overwhelming amount of people rushing and competing to switch to Verizon. But it also has another argument appeal to ignorance because just stating something still has to be conclusively proven.
Although not on the list the appeal to popularity is one of the fallacies used in Coca Cola commercials. Further is the fallacy appeal to ignorance which is if you tasted a coke or coca cola you won't want anything else.
Thank you.
Felicia
RESPONSE TO CO-STUDENT
If a commercial is using the ad hominem fallacy to distract rather than sell the product it is sometimes viewed in a humorous light because it is facetious banter that is not meant seriously. But the commercials work and the product sell and all the "so-called criticism" is okayed beforehand because no insult is meant.
Even the red herring fallacy is amusing because it creates an image that is deliberately misleading but diverts the attention from the original argument. Therefore, they both are able to serve a purpose because of skilled manipulation that cannot be charged as false advertising.
Thank you.
Felicia
"Fallacies and Errors in Sound Reasoning"
There are several types of fallacies – equivocation, false authority, ad hominem, appeal to ignorance and bandwagon. Please provide two (2) different examples of advertising that show any of the above topics. Which of the above fallacies is used in each advertisement? Why do you think the advertisers used that fallacy in the ad? Did the advertisers use the fallacy effectively? If you were an advertiser, what would you have done differently to better use the fallacy?
Speak A New Language In 3 Weeks With This App
https://www.babbel.com/en/magazine/speak-a-new-language-in-3-weeks-with-this-app?
In this commercialized website the Appeal to Ignorance is a fallacy in which the claim is that a new language can be spoken in three weeks with an App. Because of the possibility of not being able to prove false, it must be true unless an opponent can disprove the claim.
This website is more or less guaranteeing the ability to learn a language in three week but it seems questionable because of the possible hidden resistance, bias and possible racism that would probably hinder a progressive assimilation. Therefore, if it can’t be disproven then it is possible.
Thank you.
"Fallacies and Errors in Sound Reasoning"
There are several types of fallacies – equivocation, false authority, ad hominem, appeal to ignorance and bandwagon. Please provide two (2) different examples of advertising that show any of the above topics. Which of the above fallacies is used in each advertisement? Why do you think the advertisers used that fallacy in the ad? Did the advertisers use the fallacy effectively? If you were an advertiser, what would you have done differently to better use the fallacy?
2016 Doritos Superbowl Commercial
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HgEvD2ygJp0
In this commercial the appeal to popularity is evidenced that even the good flavor and delicious taste of Doritos is embraced by the very young. If a baby in the embryol stage loves Doritos and comes with extra sensitive perception thru the ultra sound and comes early to share some then everyone of all ages will love and buy Doritos.
In this sense, the choice is highlighted and hidden but obvious. Also, deductive and inductive is the image that speaks louder than words by the portrayal.
Gabby the Clown
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WMZChujwrBs
No. 10 Android, Rock, Paper, Scissors
In this commercial, Gabby starts school and is bullied and Scissors saves her and learns bravery to save Rock. The goal is to stand together, fight the bullies off and accept the whatever. Become brave even though weak and learn to conquer as one. Therefore, the Post hoc ergo propter hoc is realized because a correlation is reflected by an example of interacted display of support that teaches care and protection to form a chain of distributed support to be used as an exemplary example to protect and pass on and become united as separate individuals with respect for differences and uniqueness.
Thank you,
Felicia
I agree that the bandwagon fallacy is being used in that it indicates an overwhelming amount of people rushing and competing to switch to Verizon. But it also has another argument appeal to ignorance because just stating something still has to be conclusively proven.
Although not on the list the appeal to popularity is one of the fallacies used in Coca Cola commercials. Further is the fallacy appeal to ignorance which is if you tasted a coke or coca cola you won't want anything else.
Thank you.
Felicia
RESPONSE TO CO-STUDENT
If a commercial is using the ad hominem fallacy to distract rather than sell the product it is sometimes viewed in a humorous light because it is facetious banter that is not meant seriously. But the commercials work and the product sell and all the "so-called criticism" is okayed beforehand because no insult is meant.
Even the red herring fallacy is amusing because it creates an image that is deliberately misleading but diverts the attention from the original argument. Therefore, they both are able to serve a purpose because of skilled manipulation that cannot be charged as false advertising.
Thank you.
Felicia
"Fallacies and Errors in Sound Reasoning"
There are several types of fallacies – equivocation, false authority, ad hominem, appeal to ignorance and bandwagon. Please provide two (2) different examples of advertising that show any of the above topics. Which of the above fallacies is used in each advertisement? Why do you think the advertisers used that fallacy in the ad? Did the advertisers use the fallacy effectively? If you were an advertiser, what would you have done differently to better use the fallacy?
Speak A New Language In 3 Weeks With This App
https://www.babbel.com/en/magazine/speak-a-new-language-in-3-weeks-with-this-app?
In this commercialized website the Appeal to Ignorance is a fallacy in which the claim is that a new language can be spoken in three weeks with an App. Because of the possibility of not being able to prove false, it must be true unless an opponent can disprove the claim.
This website is more or less guaranteeing the ability to learn a language in three week but it seems questionable because of the possible hidden resistance, bias and possible racism that would probably hinder a progressive assimilation. Therefore, if it can’t be disproven then it is possible.
Thank you.
"Fallacies and Errors in Sound Reasoning"
There are several types of fallacies – equivocation, false authority, ad hominem, appeal to ignorance and bandwagon. Please provide two (2) different examples of advertising that show any of the above topics. Which of the above fallacies is used in each advertisement? Why do you think the advertisers used that fallacy in the ad? Did the advertisers use the fallacy effectively? If you were an advertiser, what would you have done differently to better use the fallacy?
2016 Doritos Superbowl Commercial
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HgEvD2ygJp0
In this commercial the appeal to popularity is evidenced that even the good flavor and delicious taste of Doritos is embraced by the very young. If a baby in the embryol stage loves Doritos and comes with extra sensitive perception thru the ultra sound and comes early to share some then everyone of all ages will love and buy Doritos.
In this sense, the choice is highlighted and hidden but obvious. Also, deductive and inductive is the image that speaks louder than words by the portrayal.
Gabby the Clown
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WMZChujwrBs
No. 10 Android, Rock, Paper, Scissors
In this commercial, Gabby starts school and is bullied and Scissors saves her and learns bravery to save Rock. The goal is to stand together, fight the bullies off and accept the whatever. Become brave even though weak and learn to conquer as one. Therefore, the Post hoc ergo propter hoc is realized because a correlation is reflected by an example of interacted display of support that teaches care and protection to form a chain of distributed support to be used as an exemplary example to protect and pass on and become united as separate individuals with respect for differences and uniqueness.
Thank you,
Felicia
PHIL210 CRITICAL THINKING DISCUSSION 3
RESPONSE TO CO-STUDENT
It appears that there are two arguments - both major premises. Removal of illegal aliens that pose a danger to the American populace, will save jobs and millions of dollars, forced relocation is a minor premise, and the conclusions is zero tolerance for criminal aliens and building of the great wall on the Southern borders aligned to Mexico.
The argument is the subject and is supported by reasons why necessary as well as a conclusion.
Thank you.
Felicia
RESPONSE TO CO-STUDENT
I agree that the major premise is "with a name like Smuckers" and the minor premise "it has to be good" is used as an associative. Therefore, when the name "Smuckers" appears it becomes an assertion with confidence. The conclusion is not that everyone likes jams, jellies or preserves but that it is a slogan that they put in an effort to please their customers. In order to invalidate, all the populace would have to hate it and not buy.
Thank you.
Felicia
"Understanding and Analyzing Arguments"
Use the Internet to search an example of an enthymeme in the media (e.g., Internet, television, radio, newspapers, etc.). Next, explain the example you searched and identify the implied premise in the enthymeme example.
The example that I researched pertains to this website ʽEnthymeme, or are you thinking what I`m thinking?ʼ In this display, whether the major premise is evident (or unstated) and then may allow a minor premise to be stated with a conclusionary stated as final conclusion.
The purpose is to use implication and then an associative to render a conclusion based on the implication itself. Further it is summarily burdened with the responsibility of being the ʽburden of proofʼ for indeed the rhetortical is the associative that connects the subject`s statement with a conclusion. Also, a major premise (is the subject or relating to the subject with the minor premise making a correlating pattern or making association and lastly with a conclusion).
Further, enthymeme is also referred to in ʽIntroduction to Logicʼ with the possibility with either a premise or a conclusion not stated but can be used if an inference is possible with the rhetorical value emphasized.
Example 1,
If a cloud is mist (major premise - unstated)
Theoretically it has no consistency (minor – stated)
Therefore, the cloud is not solid (conclusion – stated)
Consequently, the argument is supplied and supported because it validates what a cloud is and a supportive that makes an associative and allows the conclusion to render a support and final summarization that the cloud is not solid.
Example 2,
All wheels are round (major premise – unstated)
Wheels are good to roll (minor – stated)
Therefore, wheels help things go around – minor – stated)
The subject argument is that wheels are round, the minor is that wheels are good to roll and conclusion is that wheels are helpful in making things go around.
Thank you.
Felicia
References
(n.d.). Retrieved July 18, 2017, from http://rhetoric.byu.edu/Figures/E/enthymeme.htm
Enthymeme. (2017, July 12). Retrieved July 18, 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthymeme
(n.d.). Retrieved July 18, 2017, from http://philosophy.lander.edu/logic/syll_terms.html
Shovel, M. (2015, April 09). Enthymeme, or are you thinking what I'm thinking? Retrieved July 18, 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/media/mind-your-language/2015/apr/09/enthymeme-or-are-you-th
It appears that there are two arguments - both major premises. Removal of illegal aliens that pose a danger to the American populace, will save jobs and millions of dollars, forced relocation is a minor premise, and the conclusions is zero tolerance for criminal aliens and building of the great wall on the Southern borders aligned to Mexico.
The argument is the subject and is supported by reasons why necessary as well as a conclusion.
Thank you.
Felicia
RESPONSE TO CO-STUDENT
I agree that the major premise is "with a name like Smuckers" and the minor premise "it has to be good" is used as an associative. Therefore, when the name "Smuckers" appears it becomes an assertion with confidence. The conclusion is not that everyone likes jams, jellies or preserves but that it is a slogan that they put in an effort to please their customers. In order to invalidate, all the populace would have to hate it and not buy.
Thank you.
Felicia
"Understanding and Analyzing Arguments"
Use the Internet to search an example of an enthymeme in the media (e.g., Internet, television, radio, newspapers, etc.). Next, explain the example you searched and identify the implied premise in the enthymeme example.
The example that I researched pertains to this website ʽEnthymeme, or are you thinking what I`m thinking?ʼ In this display, whether the major premise is evident (or unstated) and then may allow a minor premise to be stated with a conclusionary stated as final conclusion.
The purpose is to use implication and then an associative to render a conclusion based on the implication itself. Further it is summarily burdened with the responsibility of being the ʽburden of proofʼ for indeed the rhetortical is the associative that connects the subject`s statement with a conclusion. Also, a major premise (is the subject or relating to the subject with the minor premise making a correlating pattern or making association and lastly with a conclusion).
Further, enthymeme is also referred to in ʽIntroduction to Logicʼ with the possibility with either a premise or a conclusion not stated but can be used if an inference is possible with the rhetorical value emphasized.
Example 1,
If a cloud is mist (major premise - unstated)
Theoretically it has no consistency (minor – stated)
Therefore, the cloud is not solid (conclusion – stated)
Consequently, the argument is supplied and supported because it validates what a cloud is and a supportive that makes an associative and allows the conclusion to render a support and final summarization that the cloud is not solid.
Example 2,
All wheels are round (major premise – unstated)
Wheels are good to roll (minor – stated)
Therefore, wheels help things go around – minor – stated)
The subject argument is that wheels are round, the minor is that wheels are good to roll and conclusion is that wheels are helpful in making things go around.
Thank you.
Felicia
References
(n.d.). Retrieved July 18, 2017, from http://rhetoric.byu.edu/Figures/E/enthymeme.htm
Enthymeme. (2017, July 12). Retrieved July 18, 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthymeme
(n.d.). Retrieved July 18, 2017, from http://philosophy.lander.edu/logic/syll_terms.html
Shovel, M. (2015, April 09). Enthymeme, or are you thinking what I'm thinking? Retrieved July 18, 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/media/mind-your-language/2015/apr/09/enthymeme-or-are-you-th
PHIL210 CRITICAL THINKING DISCUSSION 2
RESPONSE TO CO-STUDENT
I agree that it is a "woman's fundamental right" to consider abortion or to keep her child or children. If a woman's right is upsurped she is less than human and is considered chattel or property. I feel that with each decision all should be consulted ... her parents and partner she conceived the children with to make a decision.
If in the case of a Black female and it is done forcibly by White people (with Black people assisting) there should be a conclusive reason as to why. For example, inheritory disease or inheritory mental disorder to make a drastic decision because the procedure is dangerous. If there is no reason, I consider the manner murder, racist, hate and genocide. Further it is an act of an atheist and in defiance of God.
Thank you.
Felicia
RESPONSE TO CO-STUDENT
I agree with your post that with the parent's ability to purchase or acquire uniforms this allows full focus on being educated and the right to freedom and justice in this land and everywhere else. Also, hopefully the activity of gangs will diminish when the true affiliation of the acts to gain entry are considered at what this will cost them ... my life ... my future ... or a complete desolate life of being despised.
I agree that it helps with readying the child for school and improves punctuality even thou students resent uniforms it allows a more neutral ground for students, teachers and the school. I partially disagree with the Con #2 ... I feel that uniforms help because parents won't send the kids if they don't have clothing but if they can have uniforms that they can afford this dispels some of the despair and concern for their child's psychological feelings.
I also disagree partially with school uniforms and freedom of expression these do not restrict but cause an inability to develop a clothing persona and personal taste but it is only a temporary stall because they have free dress now at school now that they can earn.
Thank you.
Felicia
"Understanding Barriers to Our Own Thinking"
From the www.procon.org Website, select one (1) topic of your choice and read the Pro section and the Con section on the selected topic. Next, choose three (3) reasons listed under the Pro section and three (3) reasons listed under the Con section. Based on the biases discussed in Chapter 2 and the reasons presented at the Procon.org website:
State your position on the selected topic. Determine the biases you experienced as you examined the reasons for and against your position.
Is the use of Standardized Test Improving Education in America?
PROS
PRO 2
Standardized tests are reliable and objective measures of student achievement
PRO 4
Standardized tests are inclusive and non-discriminatory because they ensure content is equivalent for all
PRO 7
Standardized tests are narrowing the curriculum, rather they are focusing it on important basic skills all students need to master
CONS
CON 1
Standardized testing has not improved student achievement
CON 4
Standardized tests measure only a small portion of what makes education meaningful
CON 8
Standardized tests are not objective
STARDARDIZED TESTS
One of the concerns of evaluative testing is its true purpose and what aspect does it truly fulfill. In a nation of cumulative scrutiny and evaluation the purpose of testing is first to measure a student’s progress and assimilation of given material and as well as ability to evolve. As tests are prepared to reflect an analysis of overall progress of students area by area so does the need to ensure fairness, equality and equivancy with a look of guidance to ensure a viewpoint to measure the mental acuity of each student. But in effect standardized tests cannot measure the curriculum but it more or less serves as a guideline to ensure that the basic skills are being assimilated. Therefore, actively standardized tests are limited in its ability to gauge what is needed to generate whether it can state that fairness exists in these tests.
Affective bias is a level that all standardized test have because of cultural differences, levels of supportive family education, interactive ability, social consensus, peer association and pressure, English level of English spoken and read, mental acuity and awareness, level of understanding and ability to process and other factors.
Therefore, in effect the scorage is not a true representation but is rendered in progressive bias when comparisons are done between races due to a lack of communication equivalency and a lack of educational ability to progress due to a lack of exposure and narrowed unexpanded life.
Unfortunately, when a rendering of a decision of ability, talent and mental acuity the depressed segments of the populace reflect inability, not capable of assimilation and looked as dismal people incapable of absorbing any type of knowledge but the basic of the basic.
Summarily, standardized tests are limited evaluations but serve as tested, accumulated data to reflect that in the impoverished communities a similar curriculum is not being taught and that the terminology, written cases are like a foreign language and cause extreme difficulty due to ignorance and not mental acuity.
My point is exposure to widen the horizons with more written details will also help in the progressive stage of accumulating a more logical approach and ableness to become more competitive on tests as more knowledge is gained and absorbed.
Describe your reaction to your experience of these biases.
My position is therefore simple the testing of students will always have an inherency of unfairness, bias and flaw in the ability to test and make a true summation that basic skills are being taught properly, as well as that it reveals a seemingly hidden mockery of the education system when the reflections or consequences found are known that Black students are not being taught the same as White students. Further the systematic oppression is buried in the form and presentation of education and the standardized test is proof needed that these tests are based upon willing oppression and regulatory position in a country of suppression.
Lastly, my reactions to these bias are that the cumulative ability of these students are hindered and hampered and that the stereotypes are reinforced by the scorage on test and reflective reception. As such the change has to be done to change the act and presentation of education to an equal level to ensure exposure to terminology, language development, reading comprehension, math, and sciences are done to be used as a focal point in daily life. By doing this all will be able to have better scores and avenues of success.
Further, this overall critique will prove that an equal opportunity to learn is being done, Also, the scores allow the pinpointing of weaknesses of the students and then allow a modification plan to help or aid in the learning of material that students are deficit in.
Thank you.
Felicia
I agree that it is a "woman's fundamental right" to consider abortion or to keep her child or children. If a woman's right is upsurped she is less than human and is considered chattel or property. I feel that with each decision all should be consulted ... her parents and partner she conceived the children with to make a decision.
If in the case of a Black female and it is done forcibly by White people (with Black people assisting) there should be a conclusive reason as to why. For example, inheritory disease or inheritory mental disorder to make a drastic decision because the procedure is dangerous. If there is no reason, I consider the manner murder, racist, hate and genocide. Further it is an act of an atheist and in defiance of God.
Thank you.
Felicia
RESPONSE TO CO-STUDENT
I agree with your post that with the parent's ability to purchase or acquire uniforms this allows full focus on being educated and the right to freedom and justice in this land and everywhere else. Also, hopefully the activity of gangs will diminish when the true affiliation of the acts to gain entry are considered at what this will cost them ... my life ... my future ... or a complete desolate life of being despised.
I agree that it helps with readying the child for school and improves punctuality even thou students resent uniforms it allows a more neutral ground for students, teachers and the school. I partially disagree with the Con #2 ... I feel that uniforms help because parents won't send the kids if they don't have clothing but if they can have uniforms that they can afford this dispels some of the despair and concern for their child's psychological feelings.
I also disagree partially with school uniforms and freedom of expression these do not restrict but cause an inability to develop a clothing persona and personal taste but it is only a temporary stall because they have free dress now at school now that they can earn.
Thank you.
Felicia
"Understanding Barriers to Our Own Thinking"
From the www.procon.org Website, select one (1) topic of your choice and read the Pro section and the Con section on the selected topic. Next, choose three (3) reasons listed under the Pro section and three (3) reasons listed under the Con section. Based on the biases discussed in Chapter 2 and the reasons presented at the Procon.org website:
State your position on the selected topic. Determine the biases you experienced as you examined the reasons for and against your position.
Is the use of Standardized Test Improving Education in America?
PROS
PRO 2
Standardized tests are reliable and objective measures of student achievement
PRO 4
Standardized tests are inclusive and non-discriminatory because they ensure content is equivalent for all
PRO 7
Standardized tests are narrowing the curriculum, rather they are focusing it on important basic skills all students need to master
CONS
CON 1
Standardized testing has not improved student achievement
CON 4
Standardized tests measure only a small portion of what makes education meaningful
CON 8
Standardized tests are not objective
STARDARDIZED TESTS
One of the concerns of evaluative testing is its true purpose and what aspect does it truly fulfill. In a nation of cumulative scrutiny and evaluation the purpose of testing is first to measure a student’s progress and assimilation of given material and as well as ability to evolve. As tests are prepared to reflect an analysis of overall progress of students area by area so does the need to ensure fairness, equality and equivancy with a look of guidance to ensure a viewpoint to measure the mental acuity of each student. But in effect standardized tests cannot measure the curriculum but it more or less serves as a guideline to ensure that the basic skills are being assimilated. Therefore, actively standardized tests are limited in its ability to gauge what is needed to generate whether it can state that fairness exists in these tests.
Affective bias is a level that all standardized test have because of cultural differences, levels of supportive family education, interactive ability, social consensus, peer association and pressure, English level of English spoken and read, mental acuity and awareness, level of understanding and ability to process and other factors.
Therefore, in effect the scorage is not a true representation but is rendered in progressive bias when comparisons are done between races due to a lack of communication equivalency and a lack of educational ability to progress due to a lack of exposure and narrowed unexpanded life.
Unfortunately, when a rendering of a decision of ability, talent and mental acuity the depressed segments of the populace reflect inability, not capable of assimilation and looked as dismal people incapable of absorbing any type of knowledge but the basic of the basic.
Summarily, standardized tests are limited evaluations but serve as tested, accumulated data to reflect that in the impoverished communities a similar curriculum is not being taught and that the terminology, written cases are like a foreign language and cause extreme difficulty due to ignorance and not mental acuity.
My point is exposure to widen the horizons with more written details will also help in the progressive stage of accumulating a more logical approach and ableness to become more competitive on tests as more knowledge is gained and absorbed.
Describe your reaction to your experience of these biases.
My position is therefore simple the testing of students will always have an inherency of unfairness, bias and flaw in the ability to test and make a true summation that basic skills are being taught properly, as well as that it reveals a seemingly hidden mockery of the education system when the reflections or consequences found are known that Black students are not being taught the same as White students. Further the systematic oppression is buried in the form and presentation of education and the standardized test is proof needed that these tests are based upon willing oppression and regulatory position in a country of suppression.
Lastly, my reactions to these bias are that the cumulative ability of these students are hindered and hampered and that the stereotypes are reinforced by the scorage on test and reflective reception. As such the change has to be done to change the act and presentation of education to an equal level to ensure exposure to terminology, language development, reading comprehension, math, and sciences are done to be used as a focal point in daily life. By doing this all will be able to have better scores and avenues of success.
Further, this overall critique will prove that an equal opportunity to learn is being done, Also, the scores allow the pinpointing of weaknesses of the students and then allow a modification plan to help or aid in the learning of material that students are deficit in.
Thank you.
Felicia
PHIL210 CRITICAL THINKING DISCUSSION 1
RESPONSE TO CO-STUDENT
I agree that in your field as a business analyst your position entails a serious amount of critical thinking and various stages of analysis. Meeting the scope, depth and technical avenue that is needed is probably the hardest of the procedure with the assessing the second hardest. But once the idea is floating the necessary changes and alterations make it easier and easier as the step of critical thinking moves in and allows successful change and meeting of goals.
Further the demonstrating of critical thinking skills is reflective with the introductory theory, modified plan and strategic approach that is used to accomplish the end goal. I agree that with a plan, approach, technical skills the implementing of solutions is a major accomplishment and help in getting steps done. If man is human his ability to learn to think critically is already accomplished and enabled.
Thank you.
Felicia
RESPONSE TO CO-STUDENT
I agree that critical thinking involves the ability to use concepts and ideas in the processing and critiquing a point, idea, procedure or process to be done. As reflective on critical thinking this would also consist of strategic planning done mentally to incorporate an idea and merge into daily usage and procedures. Further critical thinking is a process that uses thoughts almost on a spinial (dial) that turns constantly with choices, ideas, and alternatives when working on a singular or multi-level project. The concept is wonderful because it allows flexibility and alternatives and is not fixed in a mold.
Further, I agree without input the ability to provide output is difficult without a brief analysis. Gaining the idea or theory is and viewing and placing it in your mind in 3D format and mentally turn it around in your mind imagining alternatives to change it, streamline it and make it more faster, efficient, thorough and allow avenues to change, modify and evolve it further.
Again, knowledge is the key and with an informed approach this makes it simplier and more. I also concur on the points get informed, knowledge and test the waters to see what you need to make anything a success.
With critical thinking imagine a scenario … Island…yourself…network…technical details…input needed…concepts to use in evaluation…plan…modified ability…future…gain. What do I need to do first? is the question then possible changes, use feelers and probes when critiquing and audience reception at the end. I enjoyed your post.
Thank you,
Felicia
"Critical Thinking in the Workplace"
The video clip “Thinking on the Job” in the Webtext this week illustrates the importance of critical thinking, especially in work contexts. Define the concept of critical thinking in your own words. Discuss a time in either your work or personal life in which you needed to be able to use critical thinking to either solve a problem or acquire a skill.
Critical thinking is a symbolic function of analyzation and mental processing that allows contemplation, short or long term evaluating argument. Further it allows the ability to mentally inwardly and outwardly critique a concept, theory or questionable analogy to preview it intelligently to allow decision making.
With the states of thinking with concentration of criticism it allows the incorporation of five thinking styles of synthesism, idealism, pragmatism in thought, analysism and realism thought which allows a complementary approach to equitable categories of framing a theoretical approach to support a critical thought platform.
Further the purpose of critical thinking is to elevate thought as well as cognitive recognition to provide extension and expansion which envelops evolution.
A time in my life which would involve work that I used critical thinking is evaluative and formation of forms, scanning program that included the initiation process from start to finish with pictorial steps and written directions, also the processing of legal documentations. In my personal life I have did my own flyers which gave descriptive explanation of the product to be sold, prices and availability as well as delivery option, brief analysis of poems, prose and poetry and my own personal website which I intend to publish shortly …. feliciaswritingjournal.blogspot.com/.
Also, any class that I have undertaken requires critical thinking to form an analysis, theory to effect completion and change desired.
Thank you.
Felicia
Determine the manner in which you would show a potential employer that you possess solid critical thinking skills. Give your opinion on whether or not you believe that individuals can increase their critical thinking skills. If you believe that they can, explain certain steps that individuals can take to improve this skill.
As with professionalism and as a written visualization of self the purposeful step in presenting to a potential employer that critical thinking skills are present would be by presenting a portfolio of work that has been achieved by either by website or examples of completed projects that reflects the desired trait. Further an invite to discuss any manner that position requires would also be a test of knowledge and critical thinking skills in possession. Also, the ability to harness thought and elevate the levels of thought to be a more predatory critical thinking chain is to hone it and refine it by changing level of perception, and make the internal visual stronger as well as change the impactive imaginability to almost an inner 3d imagery mentally. Learn any structuralized computer programming, chess, logic classes that cause stress and continual thought upscale. Never forget pain is gain. When something hurts something is learned and you own it and then kick it around and improve it.
Thank you.
Felicia
I agree that in your field as a business analyst your position entails a serious amount of critical thinking and various stages of analysis. Meeting the scope, depth and technical avenue that is needed is probably the hardest of the procedure with the assessing the second hardest. But once the idea is floating the necessary changes and alterations make it easier and easier as the step of critical thinking moves in and allows successful change and meeting of goals.
Further the demonstrating of critical thinking skills is reflective with the introductory theory, modified plan and strategic approach that is used to accomplish the end goal. I agree that with a plan, approach, technical skills the implementing of solutions is a major accomplishment and help in getting steps done. If man is human his ability to learn to think critically is already accomplished and enabled.
Thank you.
Felicia
RESPONSE TO CO-STUDENT
I agree that critical thinking involves the ability to use concepts and ideas in the processing and critiquing a point, idea, procedure or process to be done. As reflective on critical thinking this would also consist of strategic planning done mentally to incorporate an idea and merge into daily usage and procedures. Further critical thinking is a process that uses thoughts almost on a spinial (dial) that turns constantly with choices, ideas, and alternatives when working on a singular or multi-level project. The concept is wonderful because it allows flexibility and alternatives and is not fixed in a mold.
Further, I agree without input the ability to provide output is difficult without a brief analysis. Gaining the idea or theory is and viewing and placing it in your mind in 3D format and mentally turn it around in your mind imagining alternatives to change it, streamline it and make it more faster, efficient, thorough and allow avenues to change, modify and evolve it further.
Again, knowledge is the key and with an informed approach this makes it simplier and more. I also concur on the points get informed, knowledge and test the waters to see what you need to make anything a success.
With critical thinking imagine a scenario … Island…yourself…network…technical details…input needed…concepts to use in evaluation…plan…modified ability…future…gain. What do I need to do first? is the question then possible changes, use feelers and probes when critiquing and audience reception at the end. I enjoyed your post.
Thank you,
Felicia
"Critical Thinking in the Workplace"
The video clip “Thinking on the Job” in the Webtext this week illustrates the importance of critical thinking, especially in work contexts. Define the concept of critical thinking in your own words. Discuss a time in either your work or personal life in which you needed to be able to use critical thinking to either solve a problem or acquire a skill.
Critical thinking is a symbolic function of analyzation and mental processing that allows contemplation, short or long term evaluating argument. Further it allows the ability to mentally inwardly and outwardly critique a concept, theory or questionable analogy to preview it intelligently to allow decision making.
With the states of thinking with concentration of criticism it allows the incorporation of five thinking styles of synthesism, idealism, pragmatism in thought, analysism and realism thought which allows a complementary approach to equitable categories of framing a theoretical approach to support a critical thought platform.
Further the purpose of critical thinking is to elevate thought as well as cognitive recognition to provide extension and expansion which envelops evolution.
A time in my life which would involve work that I used critical thinking is evaluative and formation of forms, scanning program that included the initiation process from start to finish with pictorial steps and written directions, also the processing of legal documentations. In my personal life I have did my own flyers which gave descriptive explanation of the product to be sold, prices and availability as well as delivery option, brief analysis of poems, prose and poetry and my own personal website which I intend to publish shortly …. feliciaswritingjournal.blogspot.com/.
Also, any class that I have undertaken requires critical thinking to form an analysis, theory to effect completion and change desired.
Thank you.
Felicia
Determine the manner in which you would show a potential employer that you possess solid critical thinking skills. Give your opinion on whether or not you believe that individuals can increase their critical thinking skills. If you believe that they can, explain certain steps that individuals can take to improve this skill.
As with professionalism and as a written visualization of self the purposeful step in presenting to a potential employer that critical thinking skills are present would be by presenting a portfolio of work that has been achieved by either by website or examples of completed projects that reflects the desired trait. Further an invite to discuss any manner that position requires would also be a test of knowledge and critical thinking skills in possession. Also, the ability to harness thought and elevate the levels of thought to be a more predatory critical thinking chain is to hone it and refine it by changing level of perception, and make the internal visual stronger as well as change the impactive imaginability to almost an inner 3d imagery mentally. Learn any structuralized computer programming, chess, logic classes that cause stress and continual thought upscale. Never forget pain is gain. When something hurts something is learned and you own it and then kick it around and improve it.
Thank you.
Felicia
CRJ-322 CRIMINAL MIND CASE STUDY 5
Mental Disorders 1
Mental Disorders
Strayer University
Felicia McCaw
Professor Idonia K. Barrett
CRJ322
Online Summer 2017
September 7, 2017
Mental Disorders 2
Mental Disorders
In the examining of mental disorders is the query of what exactly does it entail? Under dispute is whether mental disorders occur or arise due to physical causes or perhaps environmental causes. Affective and revealing to the mental state would be apparent inappropriate displays of unusual behavior that would conclusively include bizarre acts. In a societal perspective and by some psychiatrist the disorder is looked at as an inability to function as well as the populace who are not suffering a mental disorder that can be likened to “problems in living”. But reflectively, it is classed as a medical problem that is tantamount and real as a physical ailment.
There is a predisposition to ruminate on the peculiarities and intricacies of what can be done to correctly apply a correct label to distinguish what medical diagnosis can be attributed to a client who has significant oddities that are of a suspicious nature. Therefore, the terminology of mental illness has been replaced by the term of mental disorders and by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) and a medical model or psychiatric approach is used to determine ailment or illness that a person is suffering. Further the DSM-IV uses a correlation of identifiers of a possible disorder to pinpoint and attribute the correct name of the disorder that is prevalent. Consequently, the identifiers based on the manual would determine that the characteristics present would lean in the direction of determining the disorder that is being exhibited.
The field of psychiatry classifies mental disorders into two types: derived from organic causes and derived from function, or nonorganic, disorders. Also, implications indicate that an organic cause is a factor that cause mental disorders whereas heredity, physiological disorders, other
Mental Disorders 3
organic deficiencies arise because of an organic cause. Inclusive is minor disorders, maniac-depressive behavior, paranoid behavior, schizophrenia and others. Three key similarities between mental illness and mental disorders are they can range from low impact to high impact, some illnesses require constant care, some need less care and the composition of the illness itself.
Mental illnesses range from different types and degrees of severity with severe psychiatric disorders in the lowest social class. As per the U.S. Surgeon General’s (1999) report: “Mental disorders are health conditions that are characterized by alterations in thinking, mood, or behavior (or some combination thereof) associated with distress and/or impaired functioning”.(p.5) Three key differences between a mental illness and mental disorder need a disorder to be classified as a dysfunction, assigned in the DSM-IV Manuel, and lastly reflect a behavioral or mental pattern. Mental illness affects your mood, thinking and behavior. Functional mental disorders function to adjust individuals to their particular difficulty but have no conclusive evidence that they arrive from organic causes but have latitude to suggest that heredity, physiological disorder and other organic deficiencies may exist. In comparison, minor disorders cannot be reliably predicted but show up as neuroses which can be called obsessions, persistent fears, acts or situation. Lastly, manic-depressive behavior consists of attitude swings ranging from extreme elation to extreme depression. In relation to Adam, the only disorder that may also apply would be functional mental disorder which occurs in his autistic state.
Therefore, the term disorder is used to imply and associate a clinically set of behavioral symptoms associated with the distress and personal functions. In the case of Adam P. Lanza, was born in Exeter, New Hampshire, on April 22, 1992 to the parents of Nancy and Peter Lanza and
Mental Disorders 4
with one brother Ryan six years his senior. Adam was 16 years old when his parents divorced in 2008. Adam was diagnosed with Asperger’s Syndrome which is a type of autism and generally manifests without extreme mental disabilities. The main characteristics are inclusive of poor social skills, lacking nonverbal communication, and being clumsy. Also, inability to develop friendships, selective mutism, inability to emphathize, unable to make eye contact, social awkwardness, narrowed interests, sticking to routine, literal interpretations, excellent pattern recognition and poor motor skills.
On December 14, 2012, Adam Lanza is believed to have shot his mother, Nancy Lanza, in the head at her home in Newton, Connecticut around 9:00 a.m. and proceeded five miles to Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut. Adam shot and killed 20 first-graders (14 students in one classroom and six in another classroom) and six adult workers, two teachers who were shot and survived and then shot himself in the head around 9:50 a.m. after firing 50 to 100 shots. During investigations of Adam Lanza’s home found was numerous weapons, ammunition, and books and articles on mass killings but there was no indication of what caused a fixation and target on Sandy Hook Elementary School and the children, teachers and adults there.
Adam had a fixation and obsession with playing violent video games and played for hours and hours and obliterated the victims in the games instead of the villains. Reported is that he was always silent and uncommunicative and that his mother always spoke for him. In 1972, the Surgeon General issued the following warning on violent TV programs: "It is clear to me that the causal relationship between televised violence and antisocial behavior is sufficient to warrant appropriate and immediate remedial action. … There comes a time when the data are sufficient to justify action.
Mental Disorders 5
That time has come." (Steinfeld, 1972). Based on this warning is the perception that Adam has assimilated a persona that he could relate to in his own world but because he is autistic the inability to relay that the innocent or victims are not an enemy but a friend and that the true villain is the enemy is present. In further explanation when violence becomes a natural instinct and the displacement of anger is fueled by obliterating a neutral target then the anger recedes and becomes a content when the anger is satisfied.
Because Adam has a lack of emphathetic skills and literal interpretation is faulty and has severe inability to voice understanding or conception. It is possible that an overstimulation of the amygdala occurred and this with the obsession caused a fight or flight response that when paralleled to the actions done in video games caused a seek a quarry and as personified in the games the victims were probably women, children and non-threatening adults. Parallel with his diagnosis and overstimulation and inability to interpret right or wrong this allowed an acting out of his fantasy because of his studying of mass murders and learning to kill by playing video games and continuing level by level with positive reinforcement.
Backtracking to behavior and the definition of what is normative or abnormal is as follow: (1) The motivation of the behavior affects this distinction, perhaps separating normal hand washing from a neurotic washing compulsion, (2) The situation in which the behavior occurs also influences the judgment, for example, distinguishing appearing dressed only in swimming trunks on an Alaskan street in winter versus the same dress on a sunny California beach, (3) Who makes the judgment – experts, such as qualified psychiatrists, or the general public – also affects the clinical classification of abnormal behavior (Clinard, Meier, 2010). As noted Adam had an obsessive
Mental Disorders 6
compulsion of washing his hands repeatedly and changing his clothing frequently throughout the day and bathing repeatedly as well. He was prescribed Celexa by Koenig which is an antidepressant in a group of drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and it is used to treat depression. As cautioned the drugs is to be prescribed to people aged 18 years and older and has a warning if mood or behavior changes, anxiety, panic attacks, trouble sleeping, impulsive, irritable, agitated, hostile, aggressive, restless, hyperactive (mentally or physically) (Celexa, 2017). Adam was removed off the medicine by his Mother (Nancy) because she stated that Adam was unable to lift his arm.
Because Adam was autistic of the four general theoretical perspectives utilized to examine a mental disorder the second perspective may support that the disorder exhibited may have been nurtured by conditioning or learning experiences (Clinard, Meier, 2010). The stigma attached to either mental illness or to a mental disorder also carries a consequence of negative reaction and becomes a label and affects possible interpersonal relationships and anxiety levels. The levels of bias are associated with social disapproval, prejudice, stereotyping and distrust and because 25% of people are affected with mental illness those burdened are neglected, stigmatized and treated in a punitive fashion. Because Adam was diagnosed at a young age with mental illness one action that could have been done is possible behavior therapy which would include attempts to channel the aggressive behavior into a more positive direction. The process of imagery and concept would be an attempt to change the inception of what the image means and transfer the assimilated and alter the purpose and reroute a directional pattern. Further because functional mental disorders can be altered to act as a bridge then possibly the behavior itself could be changed even in an autistic state along with medication and close scrutiny if Adam Lanza had lived.
References
Clinard, M. B., & Meier, R. F. (2016). Sociology of deviant behavior. Boston, MA, USA: Cengage Learning.
Types of mental illness, (2009, April 28). Retrieved September 07, 2017, from
http://www.dhhs.tas.gov.au/mentalhealth/about_mental_illness/types_of_mental_illness
Mental Illness: Learn the Definition, Tests and Statistics. (n.d.). Retrieved September 07, 2017, from http://www.medicinenet.com/mental_illness/page2.htm
10 Symptoms of Asperger’s Syndrome: Know the Signs. (n.d.).
Retrieved September 07, 2017, from
http://www.activebeat.com/your-health/10-symptoms-of-aspergers-syndrome/?utm_medium=cpc&utm_source=bing&utm_campaign=AB_BNG_US_DESK-SearchMarketing&utm_content=o_c_73461176489677&cus_widget=kwd-73461124621776&utm_term=aspergers syndrome
Adam Lanza. (2016, June 13). Retrieved September 07, 2017, from
https://www.biography.com/people/adam-lanza-21068899
Celexa Uses, Dosage & Side Effects. (2017, February 01). Retrieved September 07, 2017, from
https://www.drugs.com/celexa
Bolton, D, (2001). Problems in the Definition of ‘Mental Disorder’. Philosopical
Quarterly. 51(203). 182
Neurosis. (n.d.). Retrieved September 07, 2017, from
http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/n/neurosis/intro.htm
Neurosis. (n.d.). Retrieved September 07, 2017, from
http://www.dictionary.com/browse/neuroses
(n.d.). Retrieved September 07, 2017, from
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/08/170828105358.htm
(p. 191) Functional mental illness. (2014, November 26). Retrieved September 07, 2017, from http://oxfordmedicine.com/view/10.1093/med/9780199593637.001.0001/med-9780199593637-chapter-015
Fournis, G., & Abou, N. N. (2014). Violence, Crime, and Violent Video Game: Is
There a Correlation? Psychiatric Times, 31(9), 1-4
Robb, J., & Stone, J. (2016). Implicit Bias toward People with Mental Illness: A
Systematic Literature Review, Journal Of Rehabilitation, 82(4), 3-13
References
Page 2
Yeh, M.A., Jewell, R.D., & Thomas, V.L. (2017). The Stigma of Mental Illness:
Using Segmentation for Social Change. Journal Of Public Policy & Marketing
36(1), 97-116. doi:10.1509/jppm.13.125
Varga, S. (2011). Defining mental disorder. Exploring the ‘natural function’ approach.
Philosophy,Ethics & Humanities in Medicine, 6(1), 1-10. doi:10.1186/1747-
5341-6-1
Newtown shooting: Adam Lanza's Psychiatric Treatment Revealed In Documents. (2013, December 28). Retrieved September 07, 2017, from http://articles.courant.com/2013-12-28/news/hc-lanza-sandy-hook-report1228-20131227_1_peter-lanza-adam-lanza-nancy-lanza
Mental Disorders
Strayer University
Felicia McCaw
Professor Idonia K. Barrett
CRJ322
Online Summer 2017
September 7, 2017
Mental Disorders 2
Mental Disorders
In the examining of mental disorders is the query of what exactly does it entail? Under dispute is whether mental disorders occur or arise due to physical causes or perhaps environmental causes. Affective and revealing to the mental state would be apparent inappropriate displays of unusual behavior that would conclusively include bizarre acts. In a societal perspective and by some psychiatrist the disorder is looked at as an inability to function as well as the populace who are not suffering a mental disorder that can be likened to “problems in living”. But reflectively, it is classed as a medical problem that is tantamount and real as a physical ailment.
There is a predisposition to ruminate on the peculiarities and intricacies of what can be done to correctly apply a correct label to distinguish what medical diagnosis can be attributed to a client who has significant oddities that are of a suspicious nature. Therefore, the terminology of mental illness has been replaced by the term of mental disorders and by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) and a medical model or psychiatric approach is used to determine ailment or illness that a person is suffering. Further the DSM-IV uses a correlation of identifiers of a possible disorder to pinpoint and attribute the correct name of the disorder that is prevalent. Consequently, the identifiers based on the manual would determine that the characteristics present would lean in the direction of determining the disorder that is being exhibited.
The field of psychiatry classifies mental disorders into two types: derived from organic causes and derived from function, or nonorganic, disorders. Also, implications indicate that an organic cause is a factor that cause mental disorders whereas heredity, physiological disorders, other
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organic deficiencies arise because of an organic cause. Inclusive is minor disorders, maniac-depressive behavior, paranoid behavior, schizophrenia and others. Three key similarities between mental illness and mental disorders are they can range from low impact to high impact, some illnesses require constant care, some need less care and the composition of the illness itself.
Mental illnesses range from different types and degrees of severity with severe psychiatric disorders in the lowest social class. As per the U.S. Surgeon General’s (1999) report: “Mental disorders are health conditions that are characterized by alterations in thinking, mood, or behavior (or some combination thereof) associated with distress and/or impaired functioning”.(p.5) Three key differences between a mental illness and mental disorder need a disorder to be classified as a dysfunction, assigned in the DSM-IV Manuel, and lastly reflect a behavioral or mental pattern. Mental illness affects your mood, thinking and behavior. Functional mental disorders function to adjust individuals to their particular difficulty but have no conclusive evidence that they arrive from organic causes but have latitude to suggest that heredity, physiological disorder and other organic deficiencies may exist. In comparison, minor disorders cannot be reliably predicted but show up as neuroses which can be called obsessions, persistent fears, acts or situation. Lastly, manic-depressive behavior consists of attitude swings ranging from extreme elation to extreme depression. In relation to Adam, the only disorder that may also apply would be functional mental disorder which occurs in his autistic state.
Therefore, the term disorder is used to imply and associate a clinically set of behavioral symptoms associated with the distress and personal functions. In the case of Adam P. Lanza, was born in Exeter, New Hampshire, on April 22, 1992 to the parents of Nancy and Peter Lanza and
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with one brother Ryan six years his senior. Adam was 16 years old when his parents divorced in 2008. Adam was diagnosed with Asperger’s Syndrome which is a type of autism and generally manifests without extreme mental disabilities. The main characteristics are inclusive of poor social skills, lacking nonverbal communication, and being clumsy. Also, inability to develop friendships, selective mutism, inability to emphathize, unable to make eye contact, social awkwardness, narrowed interests, sticking to routine, literal interpretations, excellent pattern recognition and poor motor skills.
On December 14, 2012, Adam Lanza is believed to have shot his mother, Nancy Lanza, in the head at her home in Newton, Connecticut around 9:00 a.m. and proceeded five miles to Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut. Adam shot and killed 20 first-graders (14 students in one classroom and six in another classroom) and six adult workers, two teachers who were shot and survived and then shot himself in the head around 9:50 a.m. after firing 50 to 100 shots. During investigations of Adam Lanza’s home found was numerous weapons, ammunition, and books and articles on mass killings but there was no indication of what caused a fixation and target on Sandy Hook Elementary School and the children, teachers and adults there.
Adam had a fixation and obsession with playing violent video games and played for hours and hours and obliterated the victims in the games instead of the villains. Reported is that he was always silent and uncommunicative and that his mother always spoke for him. In 1972, the Surgeon General issued the following warning on violent TV programs: "It is clear to me that the causal relationship between televised violence and antisocial behavior is sufficient to warrant appropriate and immediate remedial action. … There comes a time when the data are sufficient to justify action.
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That time has come." (Steinfeld, 1972). Based on this warning is the perception that Adam has assimilated a persona that he could relate to in his own world but because he is autistic the inability to relay that the innocent or victims are not an enemy but a friend and that the true villain is the enemy is present. In further explanation when violence becomes a natural instinct and the displacement of anger is fueled by obliterating a neutral target then the anger recedes and becomes a content when the anger is satisfied.
Because Adam has a lack of emphathetic skills and literal interpretation is faulty and has severe inability to voice understanding or conception. It is possible that an overstimulation of the amygdala occurred and this with the obsession caused a fight or flight response that when paralleled to the actions done in video games caused a seek a quarry and as personified in the games the victims were probably women, children and non-threatening adults. Parallel with his diagnosis and overstimulation and inability to interpret right or wrong this allowed an acting out of his fantasy because of his studying of mass murders and learning to kill by playing video games and continuing level by level with positive reinforcement.
Backtracking to behavior and the definition of what is normative or abnormal is as follow: (1) The motivation of the behavior affects this distinction, perhaps separating normal hand washing from a neurotic washing compulsion, (2) The situation in which the behavior occurs also influences the judgment, for example, distinguishing appearing dressed only in swimming trunks on an Alaskan street in winter versus the same dress on a sunny California beach, (3) Who makes the judgment – experts, such as qualified psychiatrists, or the general public – also affects the clinical classification of abnormal behavior (Clinard, Meier, 2010). As noted Adam had an obsessive
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compulsion of washing his hands repeatedly and changing his clothing frequently throughout the day and bathing repeatedly as well. He was prescribed Celexa by Koenig which is an antidepressant in a group of drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and it is used to treat depression. As cautioned the drugs is to be prescribed to people aged 18 years and older and has a warning if mood or behavior changes, anxiety, panic attacks, trouble sleeping, impulsive, irritable, agitated, hostile, aggressive, restless, hyperactive (mentally or physically) (Celexa, 2017). Adam was removed off the medicine by his Mother (Nancy) because she stated that Adam was unable to lift his arm.
Because Adam was autistic of the four general theoretical perspectives utilized to examine a mental disorder the second perspective may support that the disorder exhibited may have been nurtured by conditioning or learning experiences (Clinard, Meier, 2010). The stigma attached to either mental illness or to a mental disorder also carries a consequence of negative reaction and becomes a label and affects possible interpersonal relationships and anxiety levels. The levels of bias are associated with social disapproval, prejudice, stereotyping and distrust and because 25% of people are affected with mental illness those burdened are neglected, stigmatized and treated in a punitive fashion. Because Adam was diagnosed at a young age with mental illness one action that could have been done is possible behavior therapy which would include attempts to channel the aggressive behavior into a more positive direction. The process of imagery and concept would be an attempt to change the inception of what the image means and transfer the assimilated and alter the purpose and reroute a directional pattern. Further because functional mental disorders can be altered to act as a bridge then possibly the behavior itself could be changed even in an autistic state along with medication and close scrutiny if Adam Lanza had lived.
References
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(p. 191) Functional mental illness. (2014, November 26). Retrieved September 07, 2017, from http://oxfordmedicine.com/view/10.1093/med/9780199593637.001.0001/med-9780199593637-chapter-015
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