THE BIG STAGE
ASSIGNMENT THREE
1
The Big Stage
Strayer University
Felicia McCaw
Professor Tamara Mangum
CRJ320
Online Winter 2017
March 11, 2017
The Big Stage
2
In the viewing of the whole is the United States of America and its unique complementary systems of justice that is funneled down from the Federal government and every state in this country. The Federal government and each state have their own structuralized criminal statutes, court system, prosecutors and police agencies.
As the world evolves, so does the criminal statutes, court systems change systematically to adjust to the changing techniques of criminality and the subtleties in people and the commerce. Crime and its prevalence is the seductive lure to defy the motto “we never sleep” and its own self-serving modus operandi. As sure as a certainty is not a fact so does the act of crime spiral and grow to reflect that assumptions and presumptions are not parallel to the mental acquisitions of a hereditary base.
Therefore, since acts of crimes are not due to hereditary but a summarily willful need, want and desire to usurp the structural legalistic basis it concludes and renders support to the criminal mind in training vs. the idea that criminality is born and is an inherent base that can be instilled from generation to generation. If indeed the question of what makes a criminal mind persistently appear then what indeed makes a perpetrator begin the act of criminality As with the act of criminality comes the act of complaint and then the obligation to investigate and follow procedure to secure and proceed with the process of arrest and trial.
The district courts stand as trial court of the federal judicial system and have original jurisdiction over most cases. These courts are the only courts that allow cross-examination and examination of witnesses. Therefore, the factual contents of record is established in these courts with rights to subsequent appeal of decision that pertain to correcting error but not adjustment of previously documented facts.
The Big Stage
3
Under the category of trial courts is the right to either a jury trial or the right to waive having a jury trial which is referred to as a bench trial. Two types of juries that are associated with the federal district courts are as follows:
• The Grand jury is a group of men and women gathered to determine the factual basis of whether probable cause exist to determine guilt of a federal crime that he or she has been accused of doing.
• The petit jury consist of people selected from the community to hear evidence to determine if a defendant in a civil trial has liability or whether a defendant in a criminal trial is guilty or not.
Under the state court are the Trial Courts of Limited Jurisdiction which accommodate approximately 85% of all courts in the United States. Under this sector are the various names that fall under the state’s hand as follows: Justice of Peace, magistrate courts, municipal courts, city courts, county courts, juvenile courts, domestic relations courts, metropolitan courts and others. These courts have limited jurisdiction and is restricted to minor cases. Under these courts are three levels of violation: infractions, misdemeanors, and felonies.
The next trial court is the Trial Courts of General Jurisdiction which handles and accommodates the more serious criminal and civil cases and sometimes juvenile, criminal offenses, domestic relations cases and probate cases as well. Further, these courts also have an appellate function that start in Trial Courts of Limited Jurisdiction and as such they are heard in a trial de novo or tried again in the Court of General Jurisdiction. Further as a general rule, trial courts divide into judicial districts or circuits which pertain to using existing political boundaries by county or a group of counties to define the lines of the district or circuit.
In order to reach the area of these courts, the first priority is the investigative stage. During this stage is the culmination of evidential findings that assists in determination if indeed a case exists. In order to support and facilitate existence and stability of case the primary objective
The Big Stage
4
consists of reviewing, evaluating all evidence, positive or negative, weaknesses and strengths, comparative thoughts of rebuttal as an addendum along with a chain of custody. The next step would be inclusive of reviewing all reports that relates to the case, transcripts of deposition given, preparation of witnesses and a pretrial conference with the prosecutor.
After the investigative stage has conclusively rendered the act of confirmation and stability, the next act would be the charging stage and its fecundity level allowing either the levying of felony charges or refusal by either a grand jury by states that have it or by the federal government. Criminal charges may be determined or refused by a prosecutor (district attorney, state’s attorney, city attorney, etc.) in states that have this system implemented. Summarily, after the indictment or complaint is issued, the defense attorney (lawyer) may plead for dismissal, new discovery of evidence, or a motion to suppress use of evidence if it was illegally obtained. If the case is acceptable, evidence is intact and then allow the following choices to be activated by the processing of the case by jury trial, or bench trial that allows a case to be presented without jury, plea bargain (negotiated plea) or sentence bargain to reduce sentence of years or level of the act of criminality or lastly a guilty plea is entered.
As noted, the prosecutor and the investigator work as a complementary team to determine if an actual need for a case has the right elements to go through the progressive investigator stage. Further as a compository team the prosecutor is the investigator’s legal advisor throughout the process of the investigation, pretrial conference, and court presentation. Lastly, the final determination is the prosecutor’s determination.
As the other team partner, the legal investigator role is a tremendous bonus and is “priceless”. The ability to be objective is a quality that is almost like an inherent trait that is required, plus the ability to be methodological and professional with high work ethics. Because
The Big Stage
5
of this needed feature during the process of interviewing or reviewing previous statements of all witnesses and parties tact is a necessary feature. Recreation of the scene, review of all physical and forensic evidence, gathering and processing new evidence, drafting reports of his or her investigation, preparing exhibits for trial purposes, courtroom testimony, follow-up during trial, penalty and sentencing phases.
Further, these duties are charged to work in complementary fashion as the prosecutor who acts upon what is called the “prosecutorial discretion” to examine all material or circumstances regarding the case that the investigator has gathered and make a determination to proceed or not based upon utilizing the police report in collusion. As the position is a political position and is an established elected official office it is at his or her discretion to select among cases to help establish a quota. Further, as another interaction of the investigator with the prosecutor, the affective state of control can alter or shape prosecution discretion in the manner of whether an offense has been committed or whether a person can be levied an offense charge.
Therefore, the prosecutor has in essence control of authority in relation to discretion by first to proceed with case initially presented by police, second to continue with case presented by police with amendment or alterations, third to discontinue the case presented by police due to reasons of instability, lack of concreteness or inability to complete levy of charge. These choices are relevant to the prosecutor in binding a case for hearing, a charge to be levied upon said person, entity, or company.
Because of this, the relationship of the prosecutor and investigator is not clear-cut but all cases are subject to various levels of discretion and authority. However, as effective is the right and responsibility of the prosecutor to continue, promote, and strengthen the rule of law and duty to combat impunity and endure all states of lawfulness. As such the rule of law assists in the
The Big Stage
6
anchoring and stabilizing of legality with emphasis on maintaining a connection to social development and change to ensure that matters of law, legal and criminal practices are current and ready. Consequently, this allows the prosecutor to commit to human rights to upholding the role of law to further retain credibility and moral authority because they are guarantors of the rule of law as well as the situated party to combat impunity and ensure the lawfulness of State actions.
The prosecutor’s rule is situated in a government that abides by standing laws and respective human rights to ensure fairness, defined in part as equality of all before the law and under the law, predictable, consistent and effective rulings and lastly protection of human rights, and law and order and or duty of state to protect its citizens. With this in mind, prosecutors may participate more actively in the role of investigation of crime, as depend on national law as such the relationship with the police may differ. This may include supervision over the legality of these investigations, supervision of the execution of court decisions and exercise of other functions as proxy for public interest. In accordance with expectancy, he or she is to act consistently and expeditiously with respect, protection of human dignity and be an upholder of human rights to contribute to due process and the smooth functioning of the criminal justice system. Further as a protective base states must ensure the ableness to function professionally without intimidation, hindrance, harassment, undue interference, or unjustified exposure to civil, penal or other liability.
As times have progressed, new challenges have become prevalently obvious revolve in questions, probabilities and improbabilities that reveal and intersect with complex of social, organized crime, new technology and implementation of complex procedural safeguards that lead to a tangible question of what is guilt in itself vs. acquittal. In relation to
this question
The Big Stage
7
of guilt and acquittal is the active act to subvert democratic processes and the challenge to halt any act against democracy as well as defend against all. The task of ending impunity is expressed in the exploration of what is guilt and the act of acquittal because all are considered innocent until proven guilty. This state renders on the ability of the prosecutor to thoroughly prepare a case and prove that first there is probable cause and then intent and subsequently conclusion. e.g., the act of genocide is an overt stand against the natural order of evolution and procreation and thus a pivotal expectancy is herald as an act of acquittal when the nature of act is rendered questionable.
Therefore, the true expression of guilt becomes a pivotal question in relation as well. If an act of genocide renders a lack of guilt then the proving and fundamental base of true is progressively hard to harness because of the nature of subtle allowance against a prevalent minority and the rendering subduing of rights, policy, and debate is deflected and voided.
Consequently, the declaration of guilt is conditional upon proving without a questionable doubt that the act was committed and proven. Based upon the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 11, everyone charged with a penal offense has the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty according to law in a public trial at which he or she has had all guarantee for defense. Therefore, if a prosecutor has obtained a call of guilty because probable cause and intent has been done and thus the importance of the final report has helped support the measure due to clear, precise, details that lead to absolute finality in the judgment of guilty.
However, if a call of acquittal has been acquired then it may be due to inconsistencies, lack of factual details, or erroneous interpretation of the law. This is not a reflection on the prosecutor but may be due to the compilation of the report and lack of cohesiveness of details or acts in relations to transgressions.
The Big Stage
8
In conclusion, changes that will probably evolve in the processing of cases of a criminal nature will probably include hi-tech crimes that will necessitate having an expert witness and demonstration module to project visual imagery of crime. As the coevolution of crime and justice run hand in hand so does the need to accelerate to counter active changes in the social economy, fluctuating economy, norms, standards, and policy to stand firm against crime. Also, since crime in its act is based upon mindsets of will then the act of crime has to be approached differently to view psychologically in order to differentiate behavior and challenge the nature of fundamental values as well as nurture stronger positive values in children to decrease and minimize criminal behavior and therefore reduce crime by natural stimulant vs. tactical strategy.
References
Acquittal. (2017, February 28). Retired March 11, 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acquittal
Paul Bergman J.D., UCLA Law School Professor. (n.d.). How the Prosecutor Decides Which Cases to Charge. Retrieved March 11, 2017, from http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/how-prosecutors-decide-which-cases-charge.html
Preparing for the Future: Criminal Justice in 2040. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2017, from https://nij.gov/journals/255/pages/2040.aspx
Carp, R.A. (n.d.). Judicial Process in America. 9th Edition / Edition 9. Retried March 11, 2017, from http://www/barnesandnoble.com/w/judicial-process-in-ameica-9th-edition-robert-a-carp/1119569931
Hess, K. M., Orthmann, C. M., & Cho, H. L. (2013). Criminal investigation. Boston: Cengage Learning.
Krone, T. (2012). Raising the alarm? Role definition for prosecutors in criminal cases. Australian Journal Of Forensic Sciences, 44(1), 15-29. doi:10.1080/00450618.2011.581247
Dandurand, Y. (2007). The role of prosecutors in promoting and strengthening the rule of law. Crime, Law & Social Change, 47(4/5), 247-259. doi:10.1007/s10611-007-9070-8
The Role of the Legal Investigator In The Defense of Capital / Violent Crimes - Law Firm Farese, Farese & Farese Attorneys Ashland, Mississippi. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2017, from http://www.fareselaw.com/Articles/The-Role-of-the-Legal-Investigator-In-The-Defense-of-Capital-Violent-Crimes.shtml
Presumption of innocence. (2017, March 10). Retrieved March 11, 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presumption_of_innocence
el final
Sunday, March 19, 2017
CRJ320 - DEATH INVESTIGATIONS - ASSIGNMENT TWO
DEATH INVESTIGATIONS
ASSIGNMENT TWO
1
Death Investigations
Strayer University
Felicia McCaw
Professor Tamara Mangum
CRJ320
Online Winter 2017
February 18, 2017
Death Investigations
2
In the field of death investigations is the unique examination of factors and variables used to determine the state of demise as well as the compository steps that caused the propelled act of death. During the query for answers in the criminal justice field is the eternal escalating ride during the criminal investigation segment. A field of sophisticated complexity it involves the analytical attention to detail and laborious minutiae searches throughout land, water, building, atmosphere and sea.
Basically investigators must be able to establish a familiarity with crimes, criminal element, criminal intent, modus operandi and the goals of a successful investigation that includes strategic purpose as a major. Firstly, investigators are not themselves a unit but have to adhere to conditional constitutional safeguards and the legal parameters with which an investigative process can be facilitated.
Case law and conditional constitutional safeguards act as a parallel to the investigative process along with deductive and conductive reasoning. Further with that thought is also emphasized that assumptions are not certainties or a true actuality. As each case develops the logistics prevail which supports all physical evidence collected legally, interviewing of witnesses that can be people or positive imprints left in the scene itself. During the paroling of the case suspects are legally questioned and thoroughly interrogated which might possibly stimulate a lead as the conversations are analyzed. Also, eventual leads may surface in relation to questioning, camera surveillance or from evidential findings.
As investigations require precision of working scientific knowledge also does it require the artful usability of learned techniques acquired by study, experience and skillful application. Further the persistent investigator relies on patience, creativity, knowledge, intellectual value,
Death Investigations
3
psychological mental adroitness, diverse cultural fluency and an adsorptive memory. Thereby intuition coupled with “street savvy” and “know” is a great prevailer of a find and beginning track zone.
One of the most profound and truthful reasons why a crime scene is more or less seized, secured and locked down is because of Locard’s Principle of Exchange. As a forensic theory it reliably asserts and states that a high prevalence of exchange occurs when objects come into contact with each other and as such evidence transferred by magnetic encounter can be the smallest of molecules but is effective evidence.
During the beginning process of investigation is the knowledge of the “fruit-of-the-poisonous-tree” doctrine and as such it reflectively reveals that all investigations have to be conducted above board with all legality entailed. There are four types of death that require the need for investigation and they are natural death, accidental death, suicide and homicide.
Because of the fundamental differences between the deaths the need to explain the correlating pattern is first needed to adhere to stand and that is they all are cessation of life and the finalized progressive stage of a human life cycle. For example, a natural death would be classified as a conclusionary stage when the human body and its conception cannot function as a self-centralized unit. Usually a statement is issued when a person who is under a physician care dies from unmitigating circumstances that has been revealed to be irreversible.
Unlike natural death, accidental death is caused by circumstances that occur that are unintentional and unplanned that precipitate an injurious state that results in unfortunate death. As with natural deaths, accidental deaths should be viewed as a possible homicide and approached with a suspicious nature until both circumstantial and evidentials prove that a
Death Investigations
4
homicide or suicide did not occur. Another category of death is suicide and that is the intentional killing of self which can be done by overdose, shooting, stabbing, slitting of wrists, poison, burning, hanging, asphyxiation, or ingesting of non-eatable substances. Even though suicide is not regarded as a criminal offense it is still regarded as a stage of mental instability and dysfunctional phase. As such it differs from both natural death and accidental death because the criteria differs but it should also be viewed as possible homicide when circumstances prove evident that life and its activities prove a natural state of denial and vigorous state for life exists.
Lastly, the last death is listed as homicide and that is the state when either direct or indirect cause of harm not initiated or provoked by an individual results in cessation of life by force. Unlike natural death, accidental death or suicide, homicide is facilitated by deliberate intent to harm either with malice or with no prior malice. It is a state of premeditation, selection and study without provocation to plan and kill an individual(s).
Further homicide is divided into two categories criminal homicide and noncriminal homicide. The nature of homicide is subdivided into the categories of murder and manslaughter and further subdivided into the following categories as follows: Murder, First-degree murder, Second-degree murder, Third-degree murder, manslaughter, voluntary manslaughter and involuntary manslaughter.
Noncriminal homicide is listed under the classification of homicide and that includes excusable homicide and justifiable homicide. With homicide and noncriminal homicide running parallel where no similarity exists to say they are comparable except in the instance of all resulting in death.
As example to further deliberate upon is the state of accidental death by drowning. Brandi Odom, age of nine years and a resident of Bear Creek, Alabama drowned in a
Death Investigations
5
pond saving her younger brother when she lost her footing in deeper water. After being pulled from the pond Brandi was given CPR until the paramedics arrived and she was then rushed to Lakeland Community Hospital in Haleyville where she was pronounced dead.
The key factor involved that would concern the police to establish accidental death would include investigating as a possible homicide to ensure that all accuracies are established and all legalities are addressed to subsequently report on death of demise is accidental and by drowning. Further the securing of scene to help facilitate that an accidental drowning occurred and the looking for verifiable evidence to support theory. As a prudent investigator the death scene is to be treated as a possible homicide until forensic evaluation states otherwise. In the examining of the death scene the accidental as well as homicide has to be an exemplary scrutinized examination to clarify the accuracy of determination,
During the investigating process a death signifies a possible nonhomicide to homicide and its perpetuity to all crimes is that it is a wrong. A wrong that has caused injurious harm whether from death, during the taking of personal property, intimidation, stalking or the sheer magnitude of what mens rea means. Culpability stands for itself in acts of crimes that parallel and are arguable as a point of what is right or wrong or the acts that certify these acts are against the law.
As such probable cause is an active note that is present in all investigation of crime. Therefore, other types of crimes requiring different approaches that includes canvassing large segments of area, media capture, categorical breakdown of differing crimes and determination to allocate which has been done. Also, since crime has many segments and categories they create special challenges to determine whether the altercation is a civil or criminal matter. If the act is determined noncriminal a possibility of lawsuit could surface to seek restitution for loss by
Death Investigations
6
victim’s family or attorney elect against either a person, government, city or town or active entity. Consequently, the psychological effect against the victim’s family is steadfast escalating hurt that causes prevailing guilt and emotional suffering and questions of why.
Thereby, the need for a preliminary death investigation becomes a hovering now and starts with the initial response, point of arrival that includes a sweeping analysis of situation or scenario, setting of priorities of handling emergencies first, securing the scene and initialized investigation. As a facilitator and support of the preliminary investigation the questioning of witnesses and possible suspects is primary. Secondary would be neighborhood canvass, measuring and photographing, videotaping and sketching of scene, request for video now interviews, identifying and collecting and examining and processing of physical evidence. Lastly, recording all statements and observation in notes and as well as the need for know-how to deal with news media and non-disclosure of any names until given permission by Chief of Police, victim’s family at a reasonable acceptable time frame with agreeable time slot and appointment.
Conclusively, the goal and preliminary investigation main goal of a death investigation is to ensure all details, peculiarities to quirks are discovered and assured a good ninety percent chance of all “t’s” are crossed and all “i’s” are dotted. Therefore being accurate, detailed oriented and professional assures all of concern, willingness to discover, confidence and knowledge to facilitate a sound base for court as well as for protection against civil liability and recordation for police records.
For example, in the activity of exploration of the active drowning of Brandi Odom, the securing of scene would be first, addressing attention to witnesses, bystanders and determining who needs medical care and relaying to them aid first. The next step is searching for evidence
Death Investigations
7
even though the scene may have restrictions due to flow of traffic when assisting Brandi, interview of witnesses and canvass and lastly closing scene with parameters drawn for restudy and visit.
Also, the knowledge is prominent that the investigation of an adult and child differs and is inclusive of factors and relative stages that help render a judgment of fault or non-fault in the examination of a child compared to an adult’s vital signs. Also, during the process of investigation obtaining information from adults when a child’s death is being investigated is harder and conclusively more difficult. Further because this is a small locality the family is possibly known by the local police and are aware that the family is struggling with trauma, shock and grief of a sudden death will impede the questioning process. Therefore, a trained empathetic approach is needed as well as respectful probing, compassion and slight detachment.
Further as Hochschild states (1979:562) when exposed to a potentially emotional situation such as a death scene police officers can become conscious of a “pinch” or discrepancy between what they actually feel and what they should feel. Thereby, they try to reconcile the gap of feeling between awareness and cold actuality and reality. Because of this the adherence to code and procedure is prevalent and causes stricter ways of approach and allows continuance to ways to bring emphasis from the preliminary by firstly acquiring DNA evidence to first support identification, acquire imbedded evidential findings from mouth, hair, eyes of dilation, fingers and feet.
The question that probably surfaces in everyone not familiar with DNA is that it is a genetic molecule that holds encoding and hereditary information of an individual and serves as a identifier and confirment. Each individual has differing DNA and allows the providing of information from the biological soecimen found at the death scene. Also, another factor of DNA
Death Investigations
8
is inclusive of dental identification that helps prove identity as well as the DNA from teeth and its dentin polymerase chain reaction and enamel that provides mitochondrial DNA for basic analysis to also confirm identity. Further DNA is a good stabilizer and proof against false claims with fingerprints and other tests to confirm death and certainty of an individual. Also, the active autopsy prevails and support the determination of stage of rigor mortis when the need to determine the act of how and when.
Further the act of autopsy also facilitates the testing of eyeballs that reflectively reflect a consistency in the eyeballs that indicate drowning and then surface to land. Thereby proving a death by drowning and the interior contents of water, algae and substance should parallel and match the liquidity in the lungs to pond water vs cleaned and filtered water. Lastly as a parallel link the investigative forensic query also acts as a facilitator to determining death as well as helping to prove possible foul play or not. Certifying the act of death also can lead to being classified as undetermined if in relation to drowning since “undetermined deaths” includes a great part of suicide and accident cases. Therefore, the manner of death would be inclusively listed as accidental fall in water and hindered respiratory function due to central respiratory depression as a true cause of death.
Also, some of the main ways in which various environmental factors may influence the medical examination and autopsy in death investigations may be a contaminant in the water which would require a separation of the contaminant from specimen and then a reanalysis. The reanalysis may render positive or the same findings. Also, if the body has reached differing stages of decomposition then alterating steps have to be done to conclusively analyze or try to determine the time of death as well as the cause. Further exterior scar tissue age can be determined by ultra-violet light to establish a possibility toward death or maybe a reflection that
Death Investigations
9
person had been exhibited to violence prior to death but has to be determined if the environment has caused a hidden scene that has to be dissected, determined and acknowledged.
In conclusion, as with all investigations death investigations hold the theory of being accurate and true means success and success means no impediment to halt forensic analysis to prove a foul or not.
References
Carpenter, B., Tait, G., Quadrelli, C., & Thompson, I. (2014). When death is not a crime. Papers From The British Criminology Conference, 143-16.
Anderson, J. C. (2012, July 26). Brandi Odom, 9-Year-Old Alabama Girl, Drowns Rescuing Brother At Pond. Retrieved February 19, 2017, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/26/brandi-odom-9-year-old-alabama-drowns-rescuing-brother_n_1706147.html
Sampath, K., & Jagannathan, N. (2014). Role of DNA in Forensic Identification. Indian Journal Of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 8(2), 43-47. doi:10.5958/0973-9130.2014.00679.3
Advenier, A., Guillard, N., Alvarez, J., Martrile, L., & Lorin de la Grandmaison, G. (2016). Undetermined Manner of Death: An Autopsy Series. Journal Of Forensic Sciences (Wiley-Blackwell), 61S158. doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12924
Chintalwar, R. S., Gajbhiye, S. M., & Dhawane, S. G. (2016). Estimation of Time Since Death From Rigor Mortis. Indian Journal Of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 10(1), 197-199. doi:10.5958/0973-9130.2016.00045.1
Kanable, R. (2011). Crib deaths. Law Enforcement Technology, 38(8), 16-21
Carpenter, B., Tait, G., Quadrelli, C., & Thompson, I. (2014). When death is not a crime. Papers From The British Criminology Conference, 143-16
el final
ASSIGNMENT TWO
1
Death Investigations
Strayer University
Felicia McCaw
Professor Tamara Mangum
CRJ320
Online Winter 2017
February 18, 2017
Death Investigations
2
In the field of death investigations is the unique examination of factors and variables used to determine the state of demise as well as the compository steps that caused the propelled act of death. During the query for answers in the criminal justice field is the eternal escalating ride during the criminal investigation segment. A field of sophisticated complexity it involves the analytical attention to detail and laborious minutiae searches throughout land, water, building, atmosphere and sea.
Basically investigators must be able to establish a familiarity with crimes, criminal element, criminal intent, modus operandi and the goals of a successful investigation that includes strategic purpose as a major. Firstly, investigators are not themselves a unit but have to adhere to conditional constitutional safeguards and the legal parameters with which an investigative process can be facilitated.
Case law and conditional constitutional safeguards act as a parallel to the investigative process along with deductive and conductive reasoning. Further with that thought is also emphasized that assumptions are not certainties or a true actuality. As each case develops the logistics prevail which supports all physical evidence collected legally, interviewing of witnesses that can be people or positive imprints left in the scene itself. During the paroling of the case suspects are legally questioned and thoroughly interrogated which might possibly stimulate a lead as the conversations are analyzed. Also, eventual leads may surface in relation to questioning, camera surveillance or from evidential findings.
As investigations require precision of working scientific knowledge also does it require the artful usability of learned techniques acquired by study, experience and skillful application. Further the persistent investigator relies on patience, creativity, knowledge, intellectual value,
Death Investigations
3
psychological mental adroitness, diverse cultural fluency and an adsorptive memory. Thereby intuition coupled with “street savvy” and “know” is a great prevailer of a find and beginning track zone.
One of the most profound and truthful reasons why a crime scene is more or less seized, secured and locked down is because of Locard’s Principle of Exchange. As a forensic theory it reliably asserts and states that a high prevalence of exchange occurs when objects come into contact with each other and as such evidence transferred by magnetic encounter can be the smallest of molecules but is effective evidence.
During the beginning process of investigation is the knowledge of the “fruit-of-the-poisonous-tree” doctrine and as such it reflectively reveals that all investigations have to be conducted above board with all legality entailed. There are four types of death that require the need for investigation and they are natural death, accidental death, suicide and homicide.
Because of the fundamental differences between the deaths the need to explain the correlating pattern is first needed to adhere to stand and that is they all are cessation of life and the finalized progressive stage of a human life cycle. For example, a natural death would be classified as a conclusionary stage when the human body and its conception cannot function as a self-centralized unit. Usually a statement is issued when a person who is under a physician care dies from unmitigating circumstances that has been revealed to be irreversible.
Unlike natural death, accidental death is caused by circumstances that occur that are unintentional and unplanned that precipitate an injurious state that results in unfortunate death. As with natural deaths, accidental deaths should be viewed as a possible homicide and approached with a suspicious nature until both circumstantial and evidentials prove that a
Death Investigations
4
homicide or suicide did not occur. Another category of death is suicide and that is the intentional killing of self which can be done by overdose, shooting, stabbing, slitting of wrists, poison, burning, hanging, asphyxiation, or ingesting of non-eatable substances. Even though suicide is not regarded as a criminal offense it is still regarded as a stage of mental instability and dysfunctional phase. As such it differs from both natural death and accidental death because the criteria differs but it should also be viewed as possible homicide when circumstances prove evident that life and its activities prove a natural state of denial and vigorous state for life exists.
Lastly, the last death is listed as homicide and that is the state when either direct or indirect cause of harm not initiated or provoked by an individual results in cessation of life by force. Unlike natural death, accidental death or suicide, homicide is facilitated by deliberate intent to harm either with malice or with no prior malice. It is a state of premeditation, selection and study without provocation to plan and kill an individual(s).
Further homicide is divided into two categories criminal homicide and noncriminal homicide. The nature of homicide is subdivided into the categories of murder and manslaughter and further subdivided into the following categories as follows: Murder, First-degree murder, Second-degree murder, Third-degree murder, manslaughter, voluntary manslaughter and involuntary manslaughter.
Noncriminal homicide is listed under the classification of homicide and that includes excusable homicide and justifiable homicide. With homicide and noncriminal homicide running parallel where no similarity exists to say they are comparable except in the instance of all resulting in death.
As example to further deliberate upon is the state of accidental death by drowning. Brandi Odom, age of nine years and a resident of Bear Creek, Alabama drowned in a
Death Investigations
5
pond saving her younger brother when she lost her footing in deeper water. After being pulled from the pond Brandi was given CPR until the paramedics arrived and she was then rushed to Lakeland Community Hospital in Haleyville where she was pronounced dead.
The key factor involved that would concern the police to establish accidental death would include investigating as a possible homicide to ensure that all accuracies are established and all legalities are addressed to subsequently report on death of demise is accidental and by drowning. Further the securing of scene to help facilitate that an accidental drowning occurred and the looking for verifiable evidence to support theory. As a prudent investigator the death scene is to be treated as a possible homicide until forensic evaluation states otherwise. In the examining of the death scene the accidental as well as homicide has to be an exemplary scrutinized examination to clarify the accuracy of determination,
During the investigating process a death signifies a possible nonhomicide to homicide and its perpetuity to all crimes is that it is a wrong. A wrong that has caused injurious harm whether from death, during the taking of personal property, intimidation, stalking or the sheer magnitude of what mens rea means. Culpability stands for itself in acts of crimes that parallel and are arguable as a point of what is right or wrong or the acts that certify these acts are against the law.
As such probable cause is an active note that is present in all investigation of crime. Therefore, other types of crimes requiring different approaches that includes canvassing large segments of area, media capture, categorical breakdown of differing crimes and determination to allocate which has been done. Also, since crime has many segments and categories they create special challenges to determine whether the altercation is a civil or criminal matter. If the act is determined noncriminal a possibility of lawsuit could surface to seek restitution for loss by
Death Investigations
6
victim’s family or attorney elect against either a person, government, city or town or active entity. Consequently, the psychological effect against the victim’s family is steadfast escalating hurt that causes prevailing guilt and emotional suffering and questions of why.
Thereby, the need for a preliminary death investigation becomes a hovering now and starts with the initial response, point of arrival that includes a sweeping analysis of situation or scenario, setting of priorities of handling emergencies first, securing the scene and initialized investigation. As a facilitator and support of the preliminary investigation the questioning of witnesses and possible suspects is primary. Secondary would be neighborhood canvass, measuring and photographing, videotaping and sketching of scene, request for video now interviews, identifying and collecting and examining and processing of physical evidence. Lastly, recording all statements and observation in notes and as well as the need for know-how to deal with news media and non-disclosure of any names until given permission by Chief of Police, victim’s family at a reasonable acceptable time frame with agreeable time slot and appointment.
Conclusively, the goal and preliminary investigation main goal of a death investigation is to ensure all details, peculiarities to quirks are discovered and assured a good ninety percent chance of all “t’s” are crossed and all “i’s” are dotted. Therefore being accurate, detailed oriented and professional assures all of concern, willingness to discover, confidence and knowledge to facilitate a sound base for court as well as for protection against civil liability and recordation for police records.
For example, in the activity of exploration of the active drowning of Brandi Odom, the securing of scene would be first, addressing attention to witnesses, bystanders and determining who needs medical care and relaying to them aid first. The next step is searching for evidence
Death Investigations
7
even though the scene may have restrictions due to flow of traffic when assisting Brandi, interview of witnesses and canvass and lastly closing scene with parameters drawn for restudy and visit.
Also, the knowledge is prominent that the investigation of an adult and child differs and is inclusive of factors and relative stages that help render a judgment of fault or non-fault in the examination of a child compared to an adult’s vital signs. Also, during the process of investigation obtaining information from adults when a child’s death is being investigated is harder and conclusively more difficult. Further because this is a small locality the family is possibly known by the local police and are aware that the family is struggling with trauma, shock and grief of a sudden death will impede the questioning process. Therefore, a trained empathetic approach is needed as well as respectful probing, compassion and slight detachment.
Further as Hochschild states (1979:562) when exposed to a potentially emotional situation such as a death scene police officers can become conscious of a “pinch” or discrepancy between what they actually feel and what they should feel. Thereby, they try to reconcile the gap of feeling between awareness and cold actuality and reality. Because of this the adherence to code and procedure is prevalent and causes stricter ways of approach and allows continuance to ways to bring emphasis from the preliminary by firstly acquiring DNA evidence to first support identification, acquire imbedded evidential findings from mouth, hair, eyes of dilation, fingers and feet.
The question that probably surfaces in everyone not familiar with DNA is that it is a genetic molecule that holds encoding and hereditary information of an individual and serves as a identifier and confirment. Each individual has differing DNA and allows the providing of information from the biological soecimen found at the death scene. Also, another factor of DNA
Death Investigations
8
is inclusive of dental identification that helps prove identity as well as the DNA from teeth and its dentin polymerase chain reaction and enamel that provides mitochondrial DNA for basic analysis to also confirm identity. Further DNA is a good stabilizer and proof against false claims with fingerprints and other tests to confirm death and certainty of an individual. Also, the active autopsy prevails and support the determination of stage of rigor mortis when the need to determine the act of how and when.
Further the act of autopsy also facilitates the testing of eyeballs that reflectively reflect a consistency in the eyeballs that indicate drowning and then surface to land. Thereby proving a death by drowning and the interior contents of water, algae and substance should parallel and match the liquidity in the lungs to pond water vs cleaned and filtered water. Lastly as a parallel link the investigative forensic query also acts as a facilitator to determining death as well as helping to prove possible foul play or not. Certifying the act of death also can lead to being classified as undetermined if in relation to drowning since “undetermined deaths” includes a great part of suicide and accident cases. Therefore, the manner of death would be inclusively listed as accidental fall in water and hindered respiratory function due to central respiratory depression as a true cause of death.
Also, some of the main ways in which various environmental factors may influence the medical examination and autopsy in death investigations may be a contaminant in the water which would require a separation of the contaminant from specimen and then a reanalysis. The reanalysis may render positive or the same findings. Also, if the body has reached differing stages of decomposition then alterating steps have to be done to conclusively analyze or try to determine the time of death as well as the cause. Further exterior scar tissue age can be determined by ultra-violet light to establish a possibility toward death or maybe a reflection that
Death Investigations
9
person had been exhibited to violence prior to death but has to be determined if the environment has caused a hidden scene that has to be dissected, determined and acknowledged.
In conclusion, as with all investigations death investigations hold the theory of being accurate and true means success and success means no impediment to halt forensic analysis to prove a foul or not.
References
Carpenter, B., Tait, G., Quadrelli, C., & Thompson, I. (2014). When death is not a crime. Papers From The British Criminology Conference, 143-16.
Anderson, J. C. (2012, July 26). Brandi Odom, 9-Year-Old Alabama Girl, Drowns Rescuing Brother At Pond. Retrieved February 19, 2017, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/26/brandi-odom-9-year-old-alabama-drowns-rescuing-brother_n_1706147.html
Sampath, K., & Jagannathan, N. (2014). Role of DNA in Forensic Identification. Indian Journal Of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 8(2), 43-47. doi:10.5958/0973-9130.2014.00679.3
Advenier, A., Guillard, N., Alvarez, J., Martrile, L., & Lorin de la Grandmaison, G. (2016). Undetermined Manner of Death: An Autopsy Series. Journal Of Forensic Sciences (Wiley-Blackwell), 61S158. doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12924
Chintalwar, R. S., Gajbhiye, S. M., & Dhawane, S. G. (2016). Estimation of Time Since Death From Rigor Mortis. Indian Journal Of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 10(1), 197-199. doi:10.5958/0973-9130.2016.00045.1
Kanable, R. (2011). Crib deaths. Law Enforcement Technology, 38(8), 16-21
Carpenter, B., Tait, G., Quadrelli, C., & Thompson, I. (2014). When death is not a crime. Papers From The British Criminology Conference, 143-16
el final
CRH320 - CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATIONS - ASSIGNMENT ONE
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATIONS
ASSIGNMENT ONE
1
Crime Scene Investigations
Strayer University
Felicia McCaw
Professor Tamara Mangum
CRJ320
Online Winter 2017
January 22, 2017
Crime Scene Investigations
2
As in all vehicles of investigations the venturing in the arena of crime and its prevalency of malevolence, danger and threat becomes the most unique journey of discovery. Crimes as defined is the deflection and eroding of social norms and legalistic norms in the facilitating of acts that are flagrantly against society and all.
The complexities of crime spiral from the lowest level to the highest level that is comparative to the simple and the most sophisticated complicated of acts. These acts are planned, deliberate with deliberate intent immersed in each premeditated act. Looking at crime from a psychological bent it is obvious and apparent that the mental mindsets are not affective to a level of mental or psychological disorder. Basically as compelled analytical thought, evaluation and prevalent summation these acts are done due to deliberate will to usurp the nature of societal order and willful intent to destroy its complex substructural levels of difficulty.
Therefore, since a crime is a deliberate attempt to cause mayhem it also stands that it is a violation against the established legal system that has been enacted to prevent harm to citizens and country. Consequently, since the willful abuse of the laws or public right it further supports the need for criminal investigation to understand these criminal acts as well to catch a “fleeing bird” who has done the deed and prays for continuous “elusiveness”.
As such the roles or acts of crimes have been established as an act that supersede the statute or ordinance in straight rebellion and hate of order and correctness. Being thus an act must be correlated and acknowledged as an offense and being seen as a chargeable offense. As stipulated crimes fall into two established categories, felonies and misdemeanors, and depend on the penalized codes for dealing with behavior that is defined as criminal establishment with allocation of punishment according to the severity of the act. Also, the true definition becomes
Crime Scene Investigations
3
evident when determination reveals whether they are violations of municipal county, state or the federal level.
As a criminal investigator the first step is understanding the elements of crimes, the true criminal intent and the modus operandi (MO). During the process of investigation, these requirements help fulfill the goals of criminal investigations with knowledge that assumptions or assertions are not certainties of a true factual actuality. Suspects that don’t have a MO should never be discarded or looked past because of assumptions that the thought does not fit the pattern.
Going further it is indeed the intent to clarify the scene and the acts of wrong portrayed by the scene. Therefore, the first step is the preliminary investigation and its entitlement that includes the following guidelines to conduct and start the investigation. During the preliminary investigation, the first step is to detail the scene, secure the scene with photographic imagery, e.g., If outside – GPS detail close-up – 100%, erection of measured tape off, barrier to restrict traffic, deal with any emergencies, two or three at most top forensic officers on and in site, removal of samples with notation of all physical evidence or trace evidence found. Next, identify witness(s) or reporter of body found or trauma scene with no locality of body, obtain permission to use and look for leads.
After the compilation of notes and substantial analysis of the scene the reflective information found should assist in the following of leads to support presentation for apprehension of suspect. The criminal investigator should first establish the truth and have supportive that inductive reason allowed the parallel of samples, details of scene and position of body or lack to establish a possible clue to who is the suspect by skeletal details or by expansive if a record of another party was found at the locality.
Crime Scene Investigations
4
The reason for the comparison of trace evidence to the scene and suspect is to provide and retain an established base to support additional queries and questioning. Without a parallel reason the act of questioning would be viewed as unfounded and an act of harassment and thereby cause a dismissal of evidence due to none clarification and lack of authencity.
In support of the above mention criteria two major crimes that entail differences in reporting by comparison and contrast are rape and homicide. Rape is itself a controversial investigation because it deals with or has consequence that hinder the conjunctive evidence found and that is disbelief by the police. This unfortunate circumstance cause an unmitigated reduction in reports as well as the lack of action taken to remedy the situation with proper punishment and curtailment. Further the view of women and rape has connotation of prejudicial thought which are “that she asked for it”. The impossibility to stay objective is unfortunately prevalent and the sympathy is rendered to the attacker and not the victimized. Not only are the police non-objective but society as a whole have underlayment of hostility that view the victim as her own worst enemy and the cause of her dismal situation.
If this situation continues the steadfast increase of rape will escalate with no justification or ability to hinder because of skepticism, doubt and lack of concern. Further the level of skepticism lays heavily on a study done by Schwartz and Leggett (1999) that reflects the women who were raped claimed blame for their treatment. As seen by an observer or examiner conclusions to be made would be that indeed doubt would increasingly rise and be a subsequent thought or question to the act of validity.
Consequently, the process in reporting an act of rape begins with a questionnaire, pictures of bruises, marks, contusions, bite marks or others scarring. The level of investigation would be
Crime Scene Investigations
5
paramount to evaluating every point of injury reflecting sedimentary evidence, e.g., semen, area of dirt for analysis, teeth – DNA check for possible contact with tissue for possible contact with assaulter, nails, pubic hair and inner vaginal walls, anus, urine, mouth, throat, and esophagus. The element of discovery whether said victim is alive or deceased begins with an objective, cold, analytical approach to solve the crime.
In comparison, a homicide is also reflective of taking sedimentary evidence and using it to find the cause of death and use conclusionary analysis to gather information to try to find the perpetrator of the crime. In contrast, both crimes are different and pertains and requires a different approach to detailing with inner analysis of the victim being done but with a homicide this could lead to the removal of organs to determine if a weapon and what type was used in penetration for the cause of death or if simultaneous injuries was a leading factor in death in correlation to penetration marks or wounds. Further these wounds of entry can also make the analysis of a rape victim expand and cause reflective analyzation as to whether victim’s injuries caused death and then has the capacity to move the act of rape to a homicide. Both acts are intertwined, intricate and requires skill to think, analyze, process and parlay details of a factual nature to determine if the probable perpetrator can be or if a chance exist to apprehend.
These aspects that help evolve this process of and make an effective criminal investigator include the ability to be first intelligent which constitute the act of being objective, logical, tenacious with inductive and conductive reasoning. The second characteristic involves the range of psychological ability to withstand emotionally, mentally retain distance, be self-directed, intuitive, self-disciplined and willing to persevere and hold. Thirdly, physically the need for fitness is important, with good vision, hearing and scent to withstand the hours involved in investigation and interaction with victims, witnesses or suspects.
Crime Scene Investigations
6
Based upon intellectual value the criminal investigator must be absorptive with the ability to be able to learn the technical and non-technical aspects involved using trajectory equipment and other defining equipment. Further keeping an open mind allows creative ventures to be expanded and cause new ways to evolve the investigative process. Next, comes the psychological view that pertains to stability of mentality, retainership of mental acuity throughout the rigor of criminal investigation that can be affective to a person both mentally, physically and psychologically. Lastly, a fit physicality allows the defuse of trauma and prevention of injuries, with protection of vison, hearing and scent when participating in investigations.
Consequently, the nature of each criminal investigation requires the call for “mum” during the process and conducting of the investigation. As such, the amount of information relayed to the media is carefully filtered to them to prevent the tipping off a suspect or the covering of trails or avenues to pursue leads. Further this prevents the endangering of the public, witnesses and workers at the crime scene. In conclusion, the effective protection of all is considered with regards to privacy to fulfill a good, tight, criminal investigation.
References
Orthmann, C. M., & Hess, K. M. (2013). Criminal investigation. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning.
Schwartz, M. D. (2012). Rape Investigation Roadblocks: Two Studies. Sexual Assault Report, 16(1), 1-12
http://www.in.com/new/current-affairs/38-wounds-bite-marks-on-kerala-rape-victims-body-says-autopsy-55874331-in-1.html
Barrett, E. C., & Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. (2013). The Victim as a Means to an End: Detective Decision Making in a Simulated Investigation of Attempted Rape. Journal Of Investigative Psychology & Offender Profiling, 10(2), 200-218. doi:10.1002/jip.1385
Mercadal, T. (2016). Moral Policing. Moral Policing -- Research Starters Sociology, 1-5.
Greene, J. (2016). Criminal Investigation. Salem Press Encyclopedia,
McGarry, J. (2011). Named, Shamed, and Defamed by the Police. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 5(3), 219-227. doi:10.1093/police/par032
Shearing, C., & Marks, M. (2011). Being a New Police in the Liquid 21st Century, Policing: A Journal Of Policy & Practice, 5(3), 210-218. Doi:10. 1093/police/par035
COROIU, V. (2014). METHODOLOGY INVESTIGATION OF HOMICIDE CRIME. Romanian Journal of Forensic Science, 15(5), 1755-1758.
el final
CRJ320 - WEEK 11 - DISCUSSION 11
"Top Three Concepts or Skills"
Specify the top three (3) concepts or skills you learned in this course that you believe will be the most useful to you in your present or future professional career or education. Provide at least one (1) specific example to support your response.
The top three concepts that I learned in this class pertain to investigative strategies, techniques that make a search and the study of forensic evidence and physical evidence. For example, during the process of forensic evidence the meticulous combing for evidential finds to help support the case is what I find interesting and the ability to help correlate the finds to the scene and perpetrator is the most unique tracking and hunting for those tips that make the game worth the play.
Additionally, the investigative procedures of death and its internal marks and how each element is broken down to reflect a parallelism to the act, cause and catalyst and accelerator of demise. Further, the shocking rate of elder abuse, levels of stalking and the causal effect of domestic violence in relation to a charge of domestic rather than what I feel it should be is assault and based on varying degrees to match the charge.
Levels of sex offenses, crimes against children and the predatorial actions that help identify and find the leads. Further, mostly I am concerned about the effects regarding the children and statistical criminal acts against women in a declining economy.
Explain the main reasons why these three (3) concepts or skills you described are important to someone in the field of criminal justice.
The main reasons why these three concepts that I described are important is for the fine tuning and gearing up of analytical, cold analysis and tracking to the point and beginning strategic planning to find the culprit and put them in.
Thank you.
Felicia
Specify the top three (3) concepts or skills you learned in this course that you believe will be the most useful to you in your present or future professional career or education. Provide at least one (1) specific example to support your response.
The top three concepts that I learned in this class pertain to investigative strategies, techniques that make a search and the study of forensic evidence and physical evidence. For example, during the process of forensic evidence the meticulous combing for evidential finds to help support the case is what I find interesting and the ability to help correlate the finds to the scene and perpetrator is the most unique tracking and hunting for those tips that make the game worth the play.
Additionally, the investigative procedures of death and its internal marks and how each element is broken down to reflect a parallelism to the act, cause and catalyst and accelerator of demise. Further, the shocking rate of elder abuse, levels of stalking and the causal effect of domestic violence in relation to a charge of domestic rather than what I feel it should be is assault and based on varying degrees to match the charge.
Levels of sex offenses, crimes against children and the predatorial actions that help identify and find the leads. Further, mostly I am concerned about the effects regarding the children and statistical criminal acts against women in a declining economy.
Explain the main reasons why these three (3) concepts or skills you described are important to someone in the field of criminal justice.
The main reasons why these three concepts that I described are important is for the fine tuning and gearing up of analytical, cold analysis and tracking to the point and beginning strategic planning to find the culprit and put them in.
Thank you.
Felicia
CRJ320 - WEEK 10 - DISCUSSION 10
"Computer Crime and the Role of Prosecutor"
From the e-Activity, identify at least two (2) effective methods that cybercrime investigators use to investigate computer crime (e.g. hacking, fraud, spam, theft of intellectual property). Next, recommend one (1) effective method that you believe would be beneficial for a company to prevent cybercrime. Provide a rationale to support your recommendation.
Cybercrime is a facilitated intentional crime that uses a computer and internet to complete an act of criminality. These acts are targets, as a weapon or accessory for attacking individuals or property.
For Example
Identity Theft
Denial of Service Attacks
Internet Fraud
Online Predators
Theft of Intellectual Property
The law for cybercrime is complex, diverse as it differentiates in the investigation process of the various states in this country. Three policies cover the dimensions of cyberconflict that is initiated by crime and misdoings and they are as follows: applicable law in itself, policies created to deal with infringement of the law and the discrete facts and how they impact the application of the law to deal with these acts of unjust.
Two methods that cybercrime investigators use to investigate computer crime include the following starting a preliminary investigation, and preserving and securing of crime scene and all digital evidence and data.
Transporting to facility for forensic examination of computer evidence and processing of legal obligations as a result of found evidence and all affiliates.
Another effective method that I believe would be beneficial for a company to prevent cybercrime is extra safeguards to prevent intrusions and a retaliatory receptor cloaked within that senses or activates when invaded.
Purpose is security, and as such knowing the prevalence of the threat is like knowing the likelihood that it will be you one day and due to this knowledge it stands to be prepared vs. lack of preparation or acknowledgement and ignoring a circumstance that is hovering near.
As an owner of a company, since the nature of intrusion is hacking any intrusion should have an alert to notify and address intrusion and a plan to counter because first of all it is an attack and must be treated as an attack.
Track it down and pursue it and press charges to levy as trespass, fraud, intentional sabotage, destruction of internal alias, threat to free enterprise and therefore treason.
It is common knowledge that the role of a prosecutor is to present the state’s case against the defendant in a criminal prosecution. However, the role of the prosecutor entails the enormous responsibility of seeking justice and not merely convicting a defendant. Give your opinion as to why the prosecution bears the burden of proof (i.e., to prove or disprove a fact or demonstrate the defendant’s guilt). Next, support or critique the argument that this requirement should be placed solely with the prosecutor. Provide a rationale to support your response.
The role of the prosecutor is a complement to the legal system established to work in comparative closeness with the police department. He or she is the chief law enforcement official at the county level and works with all levels and departments in the criminal justice field. Therefore, because of the inclusive nature and legal complexity and political significance of the position the prosecutor has a lot of expectancy and weight that will either hinder or allow the smooth act of legal collusion to crime and act and subsequent successful levy.
The nature of proof is highly placed on beyond a reasonable doubt but as relayed these acts or judgments do not always summarily reach this level but are cases won on circumstantial evidence. Therefore, the act of reason to doubt hovers as a red flag to consequently prove that a wrong call or judgment may be a prevailing element that causes a “blink” and question.
In consequence, the idea of having a desired “quota” becomes a flashing light and concern. As such the theory of allocating punishment becomes a fallacy if the “so-called offender” is innocent and being railroaded, pressured, intimidated, etcetera or viewed in bias from the preliminary hearing. The intent has to be proved as well as the actual threat, crime has to be visually seen clearly to ascertain and state an act of harm, with threat to life or a state of maim was done. Further if nothing is proved at the Preliminary and no stance a motion to dismiss should be done. Quota does not mean quality or that the hand of the law conducted a true act of Justice.
e.g., United States vs. Wilma D. McCaw
Was this an act of Justice or a hand of Malice?
Being a novice in this field the curiosity plays out what is life without its internalized structured hate, bigotry, discrimination, internalized power and corruption. Lastly, in support of this role the rights of a prosecutor is magnanimous, glorious and threatening to those of illiteracy, impoverish, poor and those considered as having no stature in society.
We as a people (inclusive of all races) have a voice, thought, will, freedom and choice and as such we (ALL) have the ability to protest when an act flagrantly smells of something foul and a deed of underhand.
I have placed an example of my sister’s case which I thought was unfair and render a look of a travesty of justice executed. Also, since the class is near conclusion I am fighting for any underdog that I can tuck under my wing and run with them. Please see my website: feliciaswritingjournal.blogspot.com/. I am in support of all my family and associates there and I am a believer in justice and God as my true love and benevolent one who sent these people to save me and for me to help all I can.
EXAMPLE OF THE THOUGHTS AND QUESTIONS TO FOLLOW A LEAD
APPELLATE PROCESS – FM
FROM: FELICIA MCCAW –989-332-7718
RE: WILMA MCCAW (INTERNET – MI DEPT OF CORRECTIONS - #694421) (MCL NUMBER 750.84) (CASE # - 07-029152 FH)
1. No Weapon Found or Witness of weapon in either hand during fight with complainant (Witness – Latoya Winston): by Markisha Stephens (Witness), Latoya Winston (Witness), Security Guards, Dancers or group of women that accompanied Wilma McCaw (Defendant) at dance held January 7, 2007 at Limelite Club formerly known as Kayla’s Kitchen that supposedly committed crime of 1) Count One - Assault with intent to do great bodily harm, less than murder, 2) Count Two – Assault with intent to do great bodily harm less than murder, 3) Count Three – Carrying a dangerous weapon unlawful intent.
2. Tried and convicted based on Witnesses’ Testimony at Preliminary Examination – May 17, 2007.
1. Attorney or Represent Self – or Proxy.
2. Steps in staring procedure.
3. What to expect.
1. Time Frame
2. Notification
3. Follow-up/Touch Bases with Attorney or Representative.
4. Court Case
4. Results of Appeal
1. Notification of Results.
2. Expunge Records.
3. When Released from Prison.
5. Lawsuit for Attorney representing Wilma McCaw
1. Misrepresentation
2. Poor Objectivity/Did Not follow-up on Questioning-Cross Examination of Witnesses.
3. Did not Honor Creed for Attorneys.
4. When lawsuit can be pursued.
6. Remove from Records of being in Jail/Jailed for crime not committed.
7. Expunge Records if possible to enable Wilma to receive grant/loan monies to receive Education.
APPELLATE PROCESS – FM
FROM: FELICIA MCCAW
Page 2
Felicia McCaw – Legwork for Attorney.
1. Internet – Try to obtain records or information to assist in process.
2. Lawbooks.
3. Minutes/Transcripts from Criminal Court Case
1. Able to obtain.
2. Cost.
3. Examine minutes/transcripts/records.
4. Examine pictures of razor cut vs. bottle cut/fingernail cuts or other weapon used in cutting faces or scars caused by instrument used in making cuts
5. Obtain Police Report
6. Subpoena Security Guards.
7. Subpoena Owner (Co-Owner?) and Workers at Party that Night –
January 7, 2007.
8. Subpoena all that came to club (Limelite Club) with Wilma McCaw that
night (January 7, 2007).
9. Cross-Examine – Nichol McCaw.
10. Cross-Examine the supposed Victims that Wilma McCaw allegedly
attacked and cut – (1) MARKISHA STEPEHENS AND (2) LATOYA
WINSTON.
1. Cuts on each supposed victim face – verification of cuts – any
alterations to face since party of January 7, 2007 and visitation to
hospital (when received medical attention ?).
2. Medical records from Hospital went to – subpoena records to verify
when stitches were used to close wounds and bills to reflect when
medical attention was received.
11. Subpoena records from doctor(s) of supposed victims – (1) MARKISHA
STEPHENS AND (2) LATOYA WINSTON who removed stitches and
any medical attention received from doctor(s) since the party of January 7,
2007. Records from the date of January 7, 2007 onwards for any medical
attention received to face, supposed head cuts and bruises.
12. Evaluate Testimony of (1) MARKISHA STEPHENS AND (2) LATOYA WINSTON supposed victims of Crime
of (1) Count One – Assault with intent to do great bodily harm, less than murder, (2) Count Two - Assault
with intent to do great bodily harm less than murder, (3) Count Three – Carrying a dangerous weapon unlawful
intent at the Preliminary Examination conducted on Thursday, May 17, 2007.
1. To determine if there is any conflict in between supposed victims’
testimony in Criminal Case conducted at the Preliminary
Examination dated Thursday, May 17, 2007
2. File for Appeal of Sentencing and have Rehearing of Criminal Case.
3. Cross-examine Witnesses (1) MARKISHA STEPHENS AND (2) LATOYA WINSTON and ask additional questions and clear
of ambiguity of responses asked at Preliminary Examination dated Thursday, May 17, 2007.
APPELLATE PROCESS – FM
FROM: FELICIA MCCAW
Page 3
13. See compiled list of questions to be asked at Appeal of Sentencing and have Rehearing of Criminal case of Wilma McCaw (Defendant)
(Case No. 07-1495 FY). Questions will be directed and asked to supposed victims-witnesses-complainants (1) MARKISHA STEPHENS AND
(2) LATOYA WINSTON compiled from the Examination and Evaluation of Preliminary Examination dated and held Thursday, May 17, 2007.
Due to the conflict, ambiguity and unclearness of questions asked and responses received there is no choice but to ask for a Rehearing
of Criminal Case of Wilma McCaw (Defendant) (Case No. 07-1495 FY).
1. Reflected by the Evaluation and Examination of the Preliminary Examination dated and held
Thursday, May 17, 2007 there is reflected a conflict in testimony as to the situational and
dramatization of what occurred January 7, 2007 at the party at the Limelight Club formerly
known as Kayla’s Kitchen.
2. What caused conflict? Re-examination of what caused the Physical altercation to occur and
if there was anything additional that could have escalated this incident to occur.
1. Bumping/josling of Defendant (WILMA MCCAW) and Witness (MARKISHA STEPHENS) on dance floor
at party at the Limelight Club formerly known as Kayla’s Kitchen.
2. Was there a medical reason to cause undue hostility.
3. Stalking and watching defendant while at party that was held at The Limelight Club formerly known
as Kayla’s Kitchen on January 7, 2007. See pages P. 7, P. 8, P.20, P.21 per MARKISHA STEPHENS’
TESTIMONY 9(WITNESS).
4. Check and verify if there is any history of mental illness.
5. Check and verify if there is any history or is on medication.
6. Check to see if there was any alcoholic beverages consumed and
what was consumed and composition of what was mixed in drink.
1. MARKISHA STEPHENS (WITNESS) Testimony - according to Markisha Stephen’s Testimony – She consumed something
called “ hypnotic” which was mixed with some unknown substance. P. 17
2. LATOYA WINSTON (WITNESS) Testimony – according to Latoya Wiston’s testimony – She consumed two alcoholic drinks
called “Hennessey”. P.32
3. Who was going to benefit from conflict?
1. Enemies
2. Friends
14. Jury Trial
1. Black Defendant (Wilma McCaw)
2. Fairness of Jury Members Selection
1. White Only
2. Black Members on Jury?
3. Any other nationality on Jury?
*******************************************************
CRIMINAL JUSTICE
WEEK 10 - DISCUSSION 10
RESPONSE TO CO-STUDENT
Response to 1
I agree that cyber crimes are an advancement in the area of criminality. Just imagine from the basic taking of a bone or lion's tooth to this complex level of digital stalking, manipulation and theft.
Response to 2
I agree that the prosecutor has a huge responsibility but I don't feel that all cases that guilt is proven beyond a shadow of doubt. From evidence to circumstantial evidence both are and should be approached differently as aspects of change denotes whether accuracy is inherent or if a case becomes just a count or quota to look good.
Actually, I feel the preliminary should be able to determine the next step for a hearing to establish guilt judged by jury to be rendered a fair judgment.
Thank you.
Felicia
From the e-Activity, identify at least two (2) effective methods that cybercrime investigators use to investigate computer crime (e.g. hacking, fraud, spam, theft of intellectual property). Next, recommend one (1) effective method that you believe would be beneficial for a company to prevent cybercrime. Provide a rationale to support your recommendation.
Cybercrime is a facilitated intentional crime that uses a computer and internet to complete an act of criminality. These acts are targets, as a weapon or accessory for attacking individuals or property.
For Example
Identity Theft
Denial of Service Attacks
Internet Fraud
Online Predators
Theft of Intellectual Property
The law for cybercrime is complex, diverse as it differentiates in the investigation process of the various states in this country. Three policies cover the dimensions of cyberconflict that is initiated by crime and misdoings and they are as follows: applicable law in itself, policies created to deal with infringement of the law and the discrete facts and how they impact the application of the law to deal with these acts of unjust.
Two methods that cybercrime investigators use to investigate computer crime include the following starting a preliminary investigation, and preserving and securing of crime scene and all digital evidence and data.
Transporting to facility for forensic examination of computer evidence and processing of legal obligations as a result of found evidence and all affiliates.
Another effective method that I believe would be beneficial for a company to prevent cybercrime is extra safeguards to prevent intrusions and a retaliatory receptor cloaked within that senses or activates when invaded.
Purpose is security, and as such knowing the prevalence of the threat is like knowing the likelihood that it will be you one day and due to this knowledge it stands to be prepared vs. lack of preparation or acknowledgement and ignoring a circumstance that is hovering near.
As an owner of a company, since the nature of intrusion is hacking any intrusion should have an alert to notify and address intrusion and a plan to counter because first of all it is an attack and must be treated as an attack.
Track it down and pursue it and press charges to levy as trespass, fraud, intentional sabotage, destruction of internal alias, threat to free enterprise and therefore treason.
It is common knowledge that the role of a prosecutor is to present the state’s case against the defendant in a criminal prosecution. However, the role of the prosecutor entails the enormous responsibility of seeking justice and not merely convicting a defendant. Give your opinion as to why the prosecution bears the burden of proof (i.e., to prove or disprove a fact or demonstrate the defendant’s guilt). Next, support or critique the argument that this requirement should be placed solely with the prosecutor. Provide a rationale to support your response.
The role of the prosecutor is a complement to the legal system established to work in comparative closeness with the police department. He or she is the chief law enforcement official at the county level and works with all levels and departments in the criminal justice field. Therefore, because of the inclusive nature and legal complexity and political significance of the position the prosecutor has a lot of expectancy and weight that will either hinder or allow the smooth act of legal collusion to crime and act and subsequent successful levy.
The nature of proof is highly placed on beyond a reasonable doubt but as relayed these acts or judgments do not always summarily reach this level but are cases won on circumstantial evidence. Therefore, the act of reason to doubt hovers as a red flag to consequently prove that a wrong call or judgment may be a prevailing element that causes a “blink” and question.
In consequence, the idea of having a desired “quota” becomes a flashing light and concern. As such the theory of allocating punishment becomes a fallacy if the “so-called offender” is innocent and being railroaded, pressured, intimidated, etcetera or viewed in bias from the preliminary hearing. The intent has to be proved as well as the actual threat, crime has to be visually seen clearly to ascertain and state an act of harm, with threat to life or a state of maim was done. Further if nothing is proved at the Preliminary and no stance a motion to dismiss should be done. Quota does not mean quality or that the hand of the law conducted a true act of Justice.
e.g., United States vs. Wilma D. McCaw
Was this an act of Justice or a hand of Malice?
Being a novice in this field the curiosity plays out what is life without its internalized structured hate, bigotry, discrimination, internalized power and corruption. Lastly, in support of this role the rights of a prosecutor is magnanimous, glorious and threatening to those of illiteracy, impoverish, poor and those considered as having no stature in society.
We as a people (inclusive of all races) have a voice, thought, will, freedom and choice and as such we (ALL) have the ability to protest when an act flagrantly smells of something foul and a deed of underhand.
I have placed an example of my sister’s case which I thought was unfair and render a look of a travesty of justice executed. Also, since the class is near conclusion I am fighting for any underdog that I can tuck under my wing and run with them. Please see my website: feliciaswritingjournal.blogspot.com/. I am in support of all my family and associates there and I am a believer in justice and God as my true love and benevolent one who sent these people to save me and for me to help all I can.
EXAMPLE OF THE THOUGHTS AND QUESTIONS TO FOLLOW A LEAD
APPELLATE PROCESS – FM
FROM: FELICIA MCCAW –989-332-7718
RE: WILMA MCCAW (INTERNET – MI DEPT OF CORRECTIONS - #694421) (MCL NUMBER 750.84) (CASE # - 07-029152 FH)
1. No Weapon Found or Witness of weapon in either hand during fight with complainant (Witness – Latoya Winston): by Markisha Stephens (Witness), Latoya Winston (Witness), Security Guards, Dancers or group of women that accompanied Wilma McCaw (Defendant) at dance held January 7, 2007 at Limelite Club formerly known as Kayla’s Kitchen that supposedly committed crime of 1) Count One - Assault with intent to do great bodily harm, less than murder, 2) Count Two – Assault with intent to do great bodily harm less than murder, 3) Count Three – Carrying a dangerous weapon unlawful intent.
2. Tried and convicted based on Witnesses’ Testimony at Preliminary Examination – May 17, 2007.
1. Attorney or Represent Self – or Proxy.
2. Steps in staring procedure.
3. What to expect.
1. Time Frame
2. Notification
3. Follow-up/Touch Bases with Attorney or Representative.
4. Court Case
4. Results of Appeal
1. Notification of Results.
2. Expunge Records.
3. When Released from Prison.
5. Lawsuit for Attorney representing Wilma McCaw
1. Misrepresentation
2. Poor Objectivity/Did Not follow-up on Questioning-Cross Examination of Witnesses.
3. Did not Honor Creed for Attorneys.
4. When lawsuit can be pursued.
6. Remove from Records of being in Jail/Jailed for crime not committed.
7. Expunge Records if possible to enable Wilma to receive grant/loan monies to receive Education.
APPELLATE PROCESS – FM
FROM: FELICIA MCCAW
Page 2
Felicia McCaw – Legwork for Attorney.
1. Internet – Try to obtain records or information to assist in process.
2. Lawbooks.
3. Minutes/Transcripts from Criminal Court Case
1. Able to obtain.
2. Cost.
3. Examine minutes/transcripts/records.
4. Examine pictures of razor cut vs. bottle cut/fingernail cuts or other weapon used in cutting faces or scars caused by instrument used in making cuts
5. Obtain Police Report
6. Subpoena Security Guards.
7. Subpoena Owner (Co-Owner?) and Workers at Party that Night –
January 7, 2007.
8. Subpoena all that came to club (Limelite Club) with Wilma McCaw that
night (January 7, 2007).
9. Cross-Examine – Nichol McCaw.
10. Cross-Examine the supposed Victims that Wilma McCaw allegedly
attacked and cut – (1) MARKISHA STEPEHENS AND (2) LATOYA
WINSTON.
1. Cuts on each supposed victim face – verification of cuts – any
alterations to face since party of January 7, 2007 and visitation to
hospital (when received medical attention ?).
2. Medical records from Hospital went to – subpoena records to verify
when stitches were used to close wounds and bills to reflect when
medical attention was received.
11. Subpoena records from doctor(s) of supposed victims – (1) MARKISHA
STEPHENS AND (2) LATOYA WINSTON who removed stitches and
any medical attention received from doctor(s) since the party of January 7,
2007. Records from the date of January 7, 2007 onwards for any medical
attention received to face, supposed head cuts and bruises.
12. Evaluate Testimony of (1) MARKISHA STEPHENS AND (2) LATOYA WINSTON supposed victims of Crime
of (1) Count One – Assault with intent to do great bodily harm, less than murder, (2) Count Two - Assault
with intent to do great bodily harm less than murder, (3) Count Three – Carrying a dangerous weapon unlawful
intent at the Preliminary Examination conducted on Thursday, May 17, 2007.
1. To determine if there is any conflict in between supposed victims’
testimony in Criminal Case conducted at the Preliminary
Examination dated Thursday, May 17, 2007
2. File for Appeal of Sentencing and have Rehearing of Criminal Case.
3. Cross-examine Witnesses (1) MARKISHA STEPHENS AND (2) LATOYA WINSTON and ask additional questions and clear
of ambiguity of responses asked at Preliminary Examination dated Thursday, May 17, 2007.
APPELLATE PROCESS – FM
FROM: FELICIA MCCAW
Page 3
13. See compiled list of questions to be asked at Appeal of Sentencing and have Rehearing of Criminal case of Wilma McCaw (Defendant)
(Case No. 07-1495 FY). Questions will be directed and asked to supposed victims-witnesses-complainants (1) MARKISHA STEPHENS AND
(2) LATOYA WINSTON compiled from the Examination and Evaluation of Preliminary Examination dated and held Thursday, May 17, 2007.
Due to the conflict, ambiguity and unclearness of questions asked and responses received there is no choice but to ask for a Rehearing
of Criminal Case of Wilma McCaw (Defendant) (Case No. 07-1495 FY).
1. Reflected by the Evaluation and Examination of the Preliminary Examination dated and held
Thursday, May 17, 2007 there is reflected a conflict in testimony as to the situational and
dramatization of what occurred January 7, 2007 at the party at the Limelight Club formerly
known as Kayla’s Kitchen.
2. What caused conflict? Re-examination of what caused the Physical altercation to occur and
if there was anything additional that could have escalated this incident to occur.
1. Bumping/josling of Defendant (WILMA MCCAW) and Witness (MARKISHA STEPHENS) on dance floor
at party at the Limelight Club formerly known as Kayla’s Kitchen.
2. Was there a medical reason to cause undue hostility.
3. Stalking and watching defendant while at party that was held at The Limelight Club formerly known
as Kayla’s Kitchen on January 7, 2007. See pages P. 7, P. 8, P.20, P.21 per MARKISHA STEPHENS’
TESTIMONY 9(WITNESS).
4. Check and verify if there is any history of mental illness.
5. Check and verify if there is any history or is on medication.
6. Check to see if there was any alcoholic beverages consumed and
what was consumed and composition of what was mixed in drink.
1. MARKISHA STEPHENS (WITNESS) Testimony - according to Markisha Stephen’s Testimony – She consumed something
called “ hypnotic” which was mixed with some unknown substance. P. 17
2. LATOYA WINSTON (WITNESS) Testimony – according to Latoya Wiston’s testimony – She consumed two alcoholic drinks
called “Hennessey”. P.32
3. Who was going to benefit from conflict?
1. Enemies
2. Friends
14. Jury Trial
1. Black Defendant (Wilma McCaw)
2. Fairness of Jury Members Selection
1. White Only
2. Black Members on Jury?
3. Any other nationality on Jury?
*******************************************************
CRIMINAL JUSTICE
WEEK 10 - DISCUSSION 10
RESPONSE TO CO-STUDENT
Response to 1
I agree that cyber crimes are an advancement in the area of criminality. Just imagine from the basic taking of a bone or lion's tooth to this complex level of digital stalking, manipulation and theft.
Response to 2
I agree that the prosecutor has a huge responsibility but I don't feel that all cases that guilt is proven beyond a shadow of doubt. From evidence to circumstantial evidence both are and should be approached differently as aspects of change denotes whether accuracy is inherent or if a case becomes just a count or quota to look good.
Actually, I feel the preliminary should be able to determine the next step for a hearing to establish guilt judged by jury to be rendered a fair judgment.
Thank you.
Felicia
CRJ320 - WEEK 9 - DISCUSSION 9
"Criminal Activities of Gangs and Terrorism"
From the first e-Activity, use Table 19.2 “Definitional Characteristics of Gangs” in Chapter 19 of the textbook and diagnose whether or not the city you selected is recognized as a city with a gang problem. Next, suggest one (1) additional criterion (in addition to the definitional characteristics of gangs in Table 19.2) that can be used to judge the existence of a gang within a city. Provide a rationale to support your response.
City of Detroit
This opinion is based on the apparent decay and devastation on the North-East side of Detroit from the area of Seven Mile and Van Dyke going south toward downtown Detroit. From the look of deterioration, abandoned vacant and deteriorating houses, graphics and graffiti depictions written and painted throughout this area and beyond the possibility is high that gang activity exists. Another note that sends a flag is high traffic but no shopping. As one peruses the area what is noted is the physical body language that reveals wariness and watchfulness of all people and traffic.
As prey, they portray the right body language and defensive stance that allows survival. People who are unfortunately victimized have a look of desolation and hopelessness that is apparent to those who care and observe the minute details of inner defense and strategic reliance to live and survive those whose instinct compels them to dominate, suppress, oppress and control first one then all people.
In relation to crime it is the act of behavior suppression and control. It is an unnatural state that causes realization of an affective state of populace distress and need of assistance. Prevalent of crime is the change of behavioral actions, treatment and scrutiny. These changes are clearly a deliberate act that facilitates once again control and the usurping of rights of individual to people.
Further as the acts of gangs there are always backers of influence that use and channel them through to make “the money”, get the “prestige”, get the “high”, get the “word”, do the “act” and be the “know”.
These acts are the bravo on the street and the holler “I’m it” and is the highest play one can get to make it to the top.
From the second e-Activity, discuss the impact that the 9/11 commission report had on FBI and CIA regarding their counterterrorism activities (e.g. the investigative techniques before and after September 11th, 2001). Provide a rationale to support your response.
The impact of 9/11 Commission report from the FBI and CIA regarding their counterterrorism activities before 9/11 is inclusive of usual standards to policy to prevent terrorism. Firstly, described as the unlawful use of force of violence against persons or people to intimidate or coerce a government, civilian populace, or any segmentation.
Based upon the appendage of terrorism as an act, will and procedure was active to respond but due to the devastating attack on 9/11/2001 this caused a complete reversal of some protocols and a new thrust of aggressive fight to block and foil future acts begin. As stated this act brought the actual reality of destruction, death and chaos to all eyes and leaders who acted fast and quick to dispel the look of weakness or intimidation.
To counter terrorism the ACIT was initiated into a law, in 1996 the FBI established the National Counter-terrorism Center and established the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act.
In 1999 top priority was and is to prevent terrorism by the FBI who added a new counter-terrorism division with four subunits: The International Terrorism Section, The Domestic Terrorism Section, The National Infrastructure Protection Center and the National Domestic Preparedness Office.
The act of terrorism reflected and charged against the United States on 9/11 brought the United States to the entire world’s attention to the act of war levied against this country. As a war started, so did the aggressive stance against terrorist acts become the reason to stand “hard as hell” against the destruction of this great nation.
As such in response, President George W. Bush initiated the act and charge by signing the Executive Order 13228 establishing the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to take post and the USA Patriot Act, the NIPP and Fusion Centers to merge, correlate and attack forward fast.
In active fights against terrorism and erosion of authority the active fight begins with know it when you see it. Charge it, relay it as seen as threat and deal with it fast, quick and hard.
Purpose, secure the homeland with a united face against foreign delayal or aversion to structure.
Thank you.
Felicia
http://ourweekly.com/news/2013/apr/10/street-gangsdetroit-style/
http://detroitgv.weebly.com/
rajdet - website – http://www.detroityes.com/mb/showthread.php?1096-Detroit-s-gangs-Who-they-are-and-how-to-stop-them
EastsideAl – website – http://www.detroityes.com/mb/showthread.php?1096-Detroit-s-gangs-Who-they-are-and-how-to-stop-them
Hybrid – website – http://www.detroityes.com/mb/showthread.php?1096-Detroit-s-gangs-Who-they-are-and-how-to-stop-them
ruxy17 – website - http://www.detroityes.com/mb/showthread.php?1096-Detroit-s-gangs-Who-they-are-and-how-to-stop-them
Que lo que se necesita para Kick Ass estilo Americano
********
CRIMINAL JUSTICE
WEEK 9 - DISCUSSION 9
RESPONSE TO CO-STUDENT
Response to 1st Part
In response to your post, does the level of homocides have to increase to be a prevalent issue? I feel that yes, homocides are a concurrence and is a supporter of gang activity but that there is something else fueling these deaths and destructive behavior. That the underlayments of society are rising dangerously high and allow the ability to snag and grab the transitional acts of crime as if in a slow camera that is raising its ugly head of hate, greed, cruelty and manipulation.
Lastly, these acts are psychological and psychological warfare of intimidation and suppression and oppression. Further as incentive the stimulus - I give - you take - I assist - you return the favor. More or less you scratch my back and I will scratch yours. But a folly to those not supplying the fuel is that there is no dedication or loyalty to them when they "F" up they are out. No communication...just gone for good.
Response to 2nd Part
I disagree that the systems, policy or procedure were poor the attack was a deliberate sneak attack that none could predict or halt in time. There is no way any American leader would sit on his "A" and allow this kind "S" to start and kill our people and destroy what we hold dear the active communication base. No way in "H".
This is what the Twin Towers was, it is not just a symbolic statement of a crisis that occurred and is listed as 9/11. This act symbolizes a hate toward this country and its prosperity and willful attack against American Infrastructure and a studied measure to make this country stumble and fail. See as follows as highlighted:
The World Trade Center, prior to the 2001 attacks, was a hub of economic prosperity, housing tenants including Morgan Stanley and the Lehman Bros., among many others. Due to the affluence of the tenants, the Twin Towers represented the elite and powerful, National Geographic reported just days after the attack. The World Trade Center was considered by many as the financial hub of the country. The towers may have also been seen to symbolize America's imperialism and international influence by those who viewed them with disdain. Structurally, the sleek design of the crystalline and metal towers boasted the prosperity and achievement in America.
Lastly, as with all acts the lack of a true patriot does not ever work, think, feel or betray his homeland, people or leaders of this nation.
Thank you.
Felicia
From the first e-Activity, use Table 19.2 “Definitional Characteristics of Gangs” in Chapter 19 of the textbook and diagnose whether or not the city you selected is recognized as a city with a gang problem. Next, suggest one (1) additional criterion (in addition to the definitional characteristics of gangs in Table 19.2) that can be used to judge the existence of a gang within a city. Provide a rationale to support your response.
City of Detroit
This opinion is based on the apparent decay and devastation on the North-East side of Detroit from the area of Seven Mile and Van Dyke going south toward downtown Detroit. From the look of deterioration, abandoned vacant and deteriorating houses, graphics and graffiti depictions written and painted throughout this area and beyond the possibility is high that gang activity exists. Another note that sends a flag is high traffic but no shopping. As one peruses the area what is noted is the physical body language that reveals wariness and watchfulness of all people and traffic.
As prey, they portray the right body language and defensive stance that allows survival. People who are unfortunately victimized have a look of desolation and hopelessness that is apparent to those who care and observe the minute details of inner defense and strategic reliance to live and survive those whose instinct compels them to dominate, suppress, oppress and control first one then all people.
In relation to crime it is the act of behavior suppression and control. It is an unnatural state that causes realization of an affective state of populace distress and need of assistance. Prevalent of crime is the change of behavioral actions, treatment and scrutiny. These changes are clearly a deliberate act that facilitates once again control and the usurping of rights of individual to people.
Further as the acts of gangs there are always backers of influence that use and channel them through to make “the money”, get the “prestige”, get the “high”, get the “word”, do the “act” and be the “know”.
These acts are the bravo on the street and the holler “I’m it” and is the highest play one can get to make it to the top.
From the second e-Activity, discuss the impact that the 9/11 commission report had on FBI and CIA regarding their counterterrorism activities (e.g. the investigative techniques before and after September 11th, 2001). Provide a rationale to support your response.
The impact of 9/11 Commission report from the FBI and CIA regarding their counterterrorism activities before 9/11 is inclusive of usual standards to policy to prevent terrorism. Firstly, described as the unlawful use of force of violence against persons or people to intimidate or coerce a government, civilian populace, or any segmentation.
Based upon the appendage of terrorism as an act, will and procedure was active to respond but due to the devastating attack on 9/11/2001 this caused a complete reversal of some protocols and a new thrust of aggressive fight to block and foil future acts begin. As stated this act brought the actual reality of destruction, death and chaos to all eyes and leaders who acted fast and quick to dispel the look of weakness or intimidation.
To counter terrorism the ACIT was initiated into a law, in 1996 the FBI established the National Counter-terrorism Center and established the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act.
In 1999 top priority was and is to prevent terrorism by the FBI who added a new counter-terrorism division with four subunits: The International Terrorism Section, The Domestic Terrorism Section, The National Infrastructure Protection Center and the National Domestic Preparedness Office.
The act of terrorism reflected and charged against the United States on 9/11 brought the United States to the entire world’s attention to the act of war levied against this country. As a war started, so did the aggressive stance against terrorist acts become the reason to stand “hard as hell” against the destruction of this great nation.
As such in response, President George W. Bush initiated the act and charge by signing the Executive Order 13228 establishing the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to take post and the USA Patriot Act, the NIPP and Fusion Centers to merge, correlate and attack forward fast.
In active fights against terrorism and erosion of authority the active fight begins with know it when you see it. Charge it, relay it as seen as threat and deal with it fast, quick and hard.
Purpose, secure the homeland with a united face against foreign delayal or aversion to structure.
Thank you.
Felicia
http://ourweekly.com/news/2013/apr/10/street-gangsdetroit-style/
http://detroitgv.weebly.com/
rajdet - website – http://www.detroityes.com/mb/showthread.php?1096-Detroit-s-gangs-Who-they-are-and-how-to-stop-them
EastsideAl – website – http://www.detroityes.com/mb/showthread.php?1096-Detroit-s-gangs-Who-they-are-and-how-to-stop-them
Hybrid – website – http://www.detroityes.com/mb/showthread.php?1096-Detroit-s-gangs-Who-they-are-and-how-to-stop-them
ruxy17 – website - http://www.detroityes.com/mb/showthread.php?1096-Detroit-s-gangs-Who-they-are-and-how-to-stop-them
Que lo que se necesita para Kick Ass estilo Americano
********
CRIMINAL JUSTICE
WEEK 9 - DISCUSSION 9
RESPONSE TO CO-STUDENT
Response to 1st Part
In response to your post, does the level of homocides have to increase to be a prevalent issue? I feel that yes, homocides are a concurrence and is a supporter of gang activity but that there is something else fueling these deaths and destructive behavior. That the underlayments of society are rising dangerously high and allow the ability to snag and grab the transitional acts of crime as if in a slow camera that is raising its ugly head of hate, greed, cruelty and manipulation.
Lastly, these acts are psychological and psychological warfare of intimidation and suppression and oppression. Further as incentive the stimulus - I give - you take - I assist - you return the favor. More or less you scratch my back and I will scratch yours. But a folly to those not supplying the fuel is that there is no dedication or loyalty to them when they "F" up they are out. No communication...just gone for good.
Response to 2nd Part
I disagree that the systems, policy or procedure were poor the attack was a deliberate sneak attack that none could predict or halt in time. There is no way any American leader would sit on his "A" and allow this kind "S" to start and kill our people and destroy what we hold dear the active communication base. No way in "H".
This is what the Twin Towers was, it is not just a symbolic statement of a crisis that occurred and is listed as 9/11. This act symbolizes a hate toward this country and its prosperity and willful attack against American Infrastructure and a studied measure to make this country stumble and fail. See as follows as highlighted:
The World Trade Center, prior to the 2001 attacks, was a hub of economic prosperity, housing tenants including Morgan Stanley and the Lehman Bros., among many others. Due to the affluence of the tenants, the Twin Towers represented the elite and powerful, National Geographic reported just days after the attack. The World Trade Center was considered by many as the financial hub of the country. The towers may have also been seen to symbolize America's imperialism and international influence by those who viewed them with disdain. Structurally, the sleek design of the crystalline and metal towers boasted the prosperity and achievement in America.
Lastly, as with all acts the lack of a true patriot does not ever work, think, feel or betray his homeland, people or leaders of this nation.
Thank you.
Felicia
CRJ320 - WEEK 8 - DISCUSSION 8
"Bomb Scene Investigation and War on Drugs"
From the first e-Activity, people consider the Oklahoma City bombing as one of the largest criminal investigation cases in American history. Imagine that you are the official investigator for Oklahoma City bombing. Suggest one (1) strategy geared toward to improving the efficiency of the investigation. Provide a rationale to support your response.
As the official investigator of the Oklahoma City bombing the sheer magnitude of the situational crisis and devastation is reflectively incredible. The first procedure that I would do is lock it down starting from the area of North (Impact) then to the East to the South then lastly the West. Removing the flood of possible traffic and bystanders is the first goal.
The next objective is to get rescue teams in and help injured ready fast evacuation. Release squad teams simultaneously as rescue for locate and find the cause of bomb (or explosion) by starting with the North quadrant first. Quarter and study approximate bomb ability to levy and destroy building by search of all debris, vehicles and debris from, outside by Squad One.
Squad Two on East perimeter seek, find and rescue and remove and clear street.
Squad Three on South side render aid, flush street clear, block access and interview team.
Squad Four on West side, flush street clear, facilitate assistance on North side, block it and lock down.
As the team locates and seizes evidence relocate and label, document and move it fast to retain evidence from much traveled scene. Clean up crew to remove rubble starting with South side, East side, and last the West and North side as evidence has been established and removed.
The purpose is to seize the scene and facilitate the causal effect of obtaining the goods to make an airtight case and security of correct to find the culprit. Further the locating of security camera is priority first for evidence as well as the explosives used in crime by using K-9. Proceed left then right from scene with K-9 to try to establish trail of suspect. “Crime scene is determined as block and building of destruction and neighboring cross streets.” If security camera is located and renders subject that acted and caused explosion put out an APB immediately.
Lastly, the purpose and rationality is to quickly obtain all evidence as possible, contain situation, render assistance and move fast to show alert, ready and willing. The main objective is no fear, result is dear.
From the second e-Activity, elaborate on Gil Kerlikowske’s national platform concerning drug control policies applied to the campaign to reduce the illegal / organized drug trade. Next, analyze whether or not the policies applied to the illegal / organized drug trade has undermined legitimate commerce through the manipulation of stock markets, control of labor unions, or the distribution of merchandise. Provide a rationale to support your response.
In relation to Gil Kerlikowske’s national platform concerning drug control policies that is being utilized to reduce the illegal or organized drug trade. To facilitate this active desired goal a plan (2010 National Drug Control Strategy) was composed and to be put in its active state to present a goal to reduce the rate of youth drug use, the number of chronic drug users as well as the associated deaths related to drugs and overdose.
Enclosed within the plan is its own stimulus to react and stimulate change in the country as a self-facilitator to save our youth, our future and the next generation progeny to carry and continue this country to greatness.
Drugs as we all know has its own sword of destruction and its insidious ploy of seduction, drama, sophistication and savoir faire. But as a national challenge we cannot allow the infiltration of death, resignation and failure to rein prominent in our young populace, workforce and leaders.
In resolution, we have perceived a challenge to save this country interwoven within to save this country from domination by foreign domain. As this plan realizes by looking at historical fact of countries rendered powerless and ineffectual by proliferation of drugs throughout it makes them and country powerless to hold their ground much less stand for their inherent rights to sovereignty, dignity, honor and rights as a people.
Now, reflective is a villainy that hovers with no shame but aggressive hate for a nation, its standards, its Constitution and the freedom of will for all. Drug infestation is the villain and threat to son, daughter, baby, child, fetus, husband, wife and structural family net and together. As a ruler, drugs is a mercilous tyrant that carries its own whip and renders even the most stoutest of will nary, naught, void and powerless. Then comes the thought who has the power now, you, me, them, who? As an undercover seize, it won’t be you, me, but them who flagrantly attack all within by tempting our young with “fool’s gold” and so-called glamour of night and clicks.
Agreeably, a strong workforce is what we need and a face of hard against a carnivorous vulture sent in to destroy and pick up the residue and consumes them whole. In relation to crime and death, drugs are the champ and beguiles one to a life of luxury and then leads the way past accidental death in comparison. Recourse, what is that? There is none but a devastating hurt and pain and a void that cannot be filled!
As time goes by and the worldliness calls gently I am your friend so does the drugs lean next to you invitedly and says try me too. It is the young and the old and medium age that are seeking solace in drugs but the prevalent thought of the pushers are they are through because of the addictive, overt and owned natures of drugs. Freedom is nothing for the master has made you a slave and you are bound by neck and ankle to serve him and only him.
America is free, the people are free, the choice is free and the will is free. As such the populace is the concern and even though the complexity is frothing forth and noticeable public safety is all. By using new plans in this active 2010 National Drug Control Policy it is based on study to incorporate new information and new tools to hound the “hell” out of drugs and save this nation and our youth. No one has gone too far that they cannot be saved and rehabilitated.
The number of Americans doing drugs is staggering and scary to those who are older and look to the young to protect them. Overall, certain segments in each region are heavily saturated with drugs whereas a nation is perceived as not threatened but as drug use escalates the regions close the gaps and become a national threat. I agree that acknowledging that there is a problem leads to first challenging the problem and then subsequently attacking it head-on.
The subsequent problems evolving from drug use is heartrending, tragic and painful to see. Reaching the youth to let them know you care, I care, others care, is a revolving study of compassion and forgiving love. Those who see themselves as compassion will reach out the hand of fellowship to save those people who have so much to give. All are unique and true as God made and all have a purpose in this country and we won’t give up on them (our future) for they are our life’s blood and heart.
We Are Young (W.A.Y.) is the community that I would have at each educational campus to support all students in trouble and need help, at every youth group, on every wall and every rehab for “you” are loved…loved as my own for the mind never ages and until you understand that we need you as the very air we breathe.
“Make a Friend For Life” is another program I feel will be supportive and help them steer clear of drugs for it is an empty pleasure and a jaded whore. Further I agree that building steady self-esteem will keep the torch burning alive for this country and their young.
Lastly, these recommended policies when applied against the illegal or organized drug distribution will help facilitate decreases in trade of drugs because the youth of tomorrow is going to destroy self will they? The initializing and stabilizing of family as stated also helps break the cycle because they are loved, needed and cared for.
Substance abuse is one of the undercurrents in society that leads to intimidating factors of murder, executions and the seedy side of life that we try to pretend that does not exist until it surfaces and rears its ugly face of hate and threat against all.
When looking at the policies to be utilized and applied to illegal or organized drug trade then the acknowledgment would be rendered as no. There is no undermining of legitimate commerce that has dangerous proportion of uncertain locality or source of where monies come from to facilitate business. As a legitimacy, there is no compromise by the active policies but what is a preventative is the flow of tainted money in an economy that renders all guilty with blood on their hands.
Any use of funding to launder dirty money is manipulation to gain a life not deserving amongst law abiding citizens with pretentious cover to hide the true evil behind the smiling façade. These deliberate acts are made to rob this country, belittle it, and savage the American Citizens with destructive tool of greed, hate and the true evil that lies within each dope pusher and so-called forbidden fruit that he offers you coyly.
As far as the stock market, control of labor unions, distribution of merchandise all of these factors are subjected to scrutiny when new money suddenly appears and throws its weight around and play the dime straight as if true and legit.
Therefore, in conclusion it is not the preventative policy that is trying to undermine legitimate commerce it is the addressing of skyrocketing inflow of drugs, money, power and intimidation and the lower realm or ladder of society that is reaching up with blood soaked hands to destroy us all and our good legal structure and way of life.
Thank you.
Felicia
Oklahoma City bombing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma_City_bombing
https://www.press.org/sites/default/files/20100512_kerlikowske.pdf
CRIMINAL JUSTICE
WEEK 8 - DISCUSSION 8
RESPONSE TO CO-STUDENT
Response to Question 1
I agree that having differing experts help get a job done. As all aspects have a cranny so does every expert has his say when working as a team. Further having help gives differing views and judgments therefore I agree with you.
Response to Question 2
Not only Latin America, but Mexico is a leader in transporting also in the bringing in of dope or drugs and its different now because the whole climate has changed along with lots of racial tension that may be an associated factor that is causing these upheavals and clashes.
Thank you.
Felicia
From the first e-Activity, people consider the Oklahoma City bombing as one of the largest criminal investigation cases in American history. Imagine that you are the official investigator for Oklahoma City bombing. Suggest one (1) strategy geared toward to improving the efficiency of the investigation. Provide a rationale to support your response.
As the official investigator of the Oklahoma City bombing the sheer magnitude of the situational crisis and devastation is reflectively incredible. The first procedure that I would do is lock it down starting from the area of North (Impact) then to the East to the South then lastly the West. Removing the flood of possible traffic and bystanders is the first goal.
The next objective is to get rescue teams in and help injured ready fast evacuation. Release squad teams simultaneously as rescue for locate and find the cause of bomb (or explosion) by starting with the North quadrant first. Quarter and study approximate bomb ability to levy and destroy building by search of all debris, vehicles and debris from, outside by Squad One.
Squad Two on East perimeter seek, find and rescue and remove and clear street.
Squad Three on South side render aid, flush street clear, block access and interview team.
Squad Four on West side, flush street clear, facilitate assistance on North side, block it and lock down.
As the team locates and seizes evidence relocate and label, document and move it fast to retain evidence from much traveled scene. Clean up crew to remove rubble starting with South side, East side, and last the West and North side as evidence has been established and removed.
The purpose is to seize the scene and facilitate the causal effect of obtaining the goods to make an airtight case and security of correct to find the culprit. Further the locating of security camera is priority first for evidence as well as the explosives used in crime by using K-9. Proceed left then right from scene with K-9 to try to establish trail of suspect. “Crime scene is determined as block and building of destruction and neighboring cross streets.” If security camera is located and renders subject that acted and caused explosion put out an APB immediately.
Lastly, the purpose and rationality is to quickly obtain all evidence as possible, contain situation, render assistance and move fast to show alert, ready and willing. The main objective is no fear, result is dear.
From the second e-Activity, elaborate on Gil Kerlikowske’s national platform concerning drug control policies applied to the campaign to reduce the illegal / organized drug trade. Next, analyze whether or not the policies applied to the illegal / organized drug trade has undermined legitimate commerce through the manipulation of stock markets, control of labor unions, or the distribution of merchandise. Provide a rationale to support your response.
In relation to Gil Kerlikowske’s national platform concerning drug control policies that is being utilized to reduce the illegal or organized drug trade. To facilitate this active desired goal a plan (2010 National Drug Control Strategy) was composed and to be put in its active state to present a goal to reduce the rate of youth drug use, the number of chronic drug users as well as the associated deaths related to drugs and overdose.
Enclosed within the plan is its own stimulus to react and stimulate change in the country as a self-facilitator to save our youth, our future and the next generation progeny to carry and continue this country to greatness.
Drugs as we all know has its own sword of destruction and its insidious ploy of seduction, drama, sophistication and savoir faire. But as a national challenge we cannot allow the infiltration of death, resignation and failure to rein prominent in our young populace, workforce and leaders.
In resolution, we have perceived a challenge to save this country interwoven within to save this country from domination by foreign domain. As this plan realizes by looking at historical fact of countries rendered powerless and ineffectual by proliferation of drugs throughout it makes them and country powerless to hold their ground much less stand for their inherent rights to sovereignty, dignity, honor and rights as a people.
Now, reflective is a villainy that hovers with no shame but aggressive hate for a nation, its standards, its Constitution and the freedom of will for all. Drug infestation is the villain and threat to son, daughter, baby, child, fetus, husband, wife and structural family net and together. As a ruler, drugs is a mercilous tyrant that carries its own whip and renders even the most stoutest of will nary, naught, void and powerless. Then comes the thought who has the power now, you, me, them, who? As an undercover seize, it won’t be you, me, but them who flagrantly attack all within by tempting our young with “fool’s gold” and so-called glamour of night and clicks.
Agreeably, a strong workforce is what we need and a face of hard against a carnivorous vulture sent in to destroy and pick up the residue and consumes them whole. In relation to crime and death, drugs are the champ and beguiles one to a life of luxury and then leads the way past accidental death in comparison. Recourse, what is that? There is none but a devastating hurt and pain and a void that cannot be filled!
As time goes by and the worldliness calls gently I am your friend so does the drugs lean next to you invitedly and says try me too. It is the young and the old and medium age that are seeking solace in drugs but the prevalent thought of the pushers are they are through because of the addictive, overt and owned natures of drugs. Freedom is nothing for the master has made you a slave and you are bound by neck and ankle to serve him and only him.
America is free, the people are free, the choice is free and the will is free. As such the populace is the concern and even though the complexity is frothing forth and noticeable public safety is all. By using new plans in this active 2010 National Drug Control Policy it is based on study to incorporate new information and new tools to hound the “hell” out of drugs and save this nation and our youth. No one has gone too far that they cannot be saved and rehabilitated.
The number of Americans doing drugs is staggering and scary to those who are older and look to the young to protect them. Overall, certain segments in each region are heavily saturated with drugs whereas a nation is perceived as not threatened but as drug use escalates the regions close the gaps and become a national threat. I agree that acknowledging that there is a problem leads to first challenging the problem and then subsequently attacking it head-on.
The subsequent problems evolving from drug use is heartrending, tragic and painful to see. Reaching the youth to let them know you care, I care, others care, is a revolving study of compassion and forgiving love. Those who see themselves as compassion will reach out the hand of fellowship to save those people who have so much to give. All are unique and true as God made and all have a purpose in this country and we won’t give up on them (our future) for they are our life’s blood and heart.
We Are Young (W.A.Y.) is the community that I would have at each educational campus to support all students in trouble and need help, at every youth group, on every wall and every rehab for “you” are loved…loved as my own for the mind never ages and until you understand that we need you as the very air we breathe.
“Make a Friend For Life” is another program I feel will be supportive and help them steer clear of drugs for it is an empty pleasure and a jaded whore. Further I agree that building steady self-esteem will keep the torch burning alive for this country and their young.
Lastly, these recommended policies when applied against the illegal or organized drug distribution will help facilitate decreases in trade of drugs because the youth of tomorrow is going to destroy self will they? The initializing and stabilizing of family as stated also helps break the cycle because they are loved, needed and cared for.
Substance abuse is one of the undercurrents in society that leads to intimidating factors of murder, executions and the seedy side of life that we try to pretend that does not exist until it surfaces and rears its ugly face of hate and threat against all.
When looking at the policies to be utilized and applied to illegal or organized drug trade then the acknowledgment would be rendered as no. There is no undermining of legitimate commerce that has dangerous proportion of uncertain locality or source of where monies come from to facilitate business. As a legitimacy, there is no compromise by the active policies but what is a preventative is the flow of tainted money in an economy that renders all guilty with blood on their hands.
Any use of funding to launder dirty money is manipulation to gain a life not deserving amongst law abiding citizens with pretentious cover to hide the true evil behind the smiling façade. These deliberate acts are made to rob this country, belittle it, and savage the American Citizens with destructive tool of greed, hate and the true evil that lies within each dope pusher and so-called forbidden fruit that he offers you coyly.
As far as the stock market, control of labor unions, distribution of merchandise all of these factors are subjected to scrutiny when new money suddenly appears and throws its weight around and play the dime straight as if true and legit.
Therefore, in conclusion it is not the preventative policy that is trying to undermine legitimate commerce it is the addressing of skyrocketing inflow of drugs, money, power and intimidation and the lower realm or ladder of society that is reaching up with blood soaked hands to destroy us all and our good legal structure and way of life.
Thank you.
Felicia
Oklahoma City bombing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma_City_bombing
https://www.press.org/sites/default/files/20100512_kerlikowske.pdf
CRIMINAL JUSTICE
WEEK 8 - DISCUSSION 8
RESPONSE TO CO-STUDENT
Response to Question 1
I agree that having differing experts help get a job done. As all aspects have a cranny so does every expert has his say when working as a team. Further having help gives differing views and judgments therefore I agree with you.
Response to Question 2
Not only Latin America, but Mexico is a leader in transporting also in the bringing in of dope or drugs and its different now because the whole climate has changed along with lots of racial tension that may be an associated factor that is causing these upheavals and clashes.
Thank you.
Felicia
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
