Digital Laws and Legislation
Identify one (1) evidentiary issue that could be presented regarding the admission of digital evidence at trial.
One evidentiary issue that could be presented regarding the admission of digital evidence at trial is computer generated records and computer-stored records.
Computer stored records are records that have been created by a person that is inclusive of these types: Word processing files, E-mail messages and chat room messages.
Computer generated records include log-in records from ISPs (Internet Service Providers), telephone records and ATM receipts.
The differences between the two in evaluating evidentiary evidence is that for computer-stored records the issue involves a question of whether a person’s out of court statement was the truth or was accurate. But for computer generated records the process of evaluating and analysis of these issues involve the correct functioning of the computer program that generated the records.
Next, suggest one (1) way in which the court could take to resolve the issue that you have identified.
One way in which the court could take to uphold the validity of record for accuracy and correctness is to have a trace done to confirm and affirm accuracy and location of docking port sent format as well as ISP with log-in establishment. Therefore the possible act of hearsay is eradicated and further the authencity of record is proven. Each record that is established is coded and can be authenticated by a computer investigator as supportive of claims. To prove authencity and support all records have been originated by author or computer verification of computer log would have to be an admissible facet in defense. Provided also would be a user-friendly explanation of how details correlate for interpretation.
Include one (1) example of such issue and your suggestion action to support your response.
Protection of records from copyright infringement
Because the rate of theft of computerized records has been increasing steadily the active protective purpose is to be able to prove without doubt the ownership of record. To ensure the validity and author or owner a breakdown of the completed record allows a compiling of factual dates of origin and location of birth, changes and finalization. Further the file locator name is almost like a DNA spiral chain that locates with accuracy of position.
Per the text, there is probable cause to search a computer or electronic media when one believes that the computer or related media either contains or is contraband evidence of a crime, fruits of crime, or instrumentality of a crime.
Identify at least two (2) types of warrantless searches that investigators can conduct while collecting digital evidence, and explain the main reasons why you believe the types of searches in question are warrantless. Justify your response.
Two types of warrantless searches that investigators can conduct while collecting digital evidence are Plain View of child pornography and Consent Search. Because the possession of child pornography is an evidential crime and is considered a chargeable felonious act it is a correct move to seize all pornography to help establish the right to secure a warrant.
The second type of warrantless search is the Consent Search which allows law enforcement to search his or her property. As per the search procedure the range and scope of this act is allowable based upon non-coercion, cognitive ability and with option to halt the search at anytime.
Both Plain View and Consent Search are warrantless searches because they both can be done without a warrant. Plainview is a prevalent and visual confirmation of acknowledge offense against the law and based upon this act there is no governmental intrusion unless there is substantial content that requires a warrant for further examination.
The Consent Search is warrantless because there is full cooperation with knowledge of the scrutiny and analyzation to be done and is an act of free will revocable at any moment.
Reply to co-student #1
Not having a search warrant has no bearing on it being an evidentiary issue the problem is that it is conclusive to facilitate a correct analysis without violating rights. Digital evidence can always be admitted but without supportive analysis it is nothing. Further the court does not have to prove anything...the defense or prosecutor has the right to challenge any evidence for support either in favor of or against.
To search a computer and associate it with a crime a warrant is necessary or it is a waste of time and a non-facilitator to solve crime.
Stop and Frisk and Plainview...Both of these as you state are warrantless searches but the Stop and Frisk can sometimes be challenged if the subjects that are being frisked are non-caucasian only.
Thank you.
Felicia
Reply to co-student #2
I agree with your points overall but due to the ability of records being able to be falsified the Federal Rules of Evidence that you listed would not be sufficient and would be considered inadmissible hearsay. A record can be generated and compiled with whatever information is requested but in order to be a correct facilitator and authenticated record these records would have to be examined by a computer expert subpoened by the court for test and confirmation of truthness.
Thank you.
Felicia
Saturday, June 18, 2016
Discussion Week 6 - CIS170
Internet Exploitation and Primary Federal Law
From the e-Activity, select two (2) types of online traps that have the most adverse impact on children.
There are seven online traps that have an impact on children as follows:
Pornography
YouTube
Cyberbullying
Sexual Predators
Sexting
Identity Theft
In view of the psychological damage that can be done the Pornography Trap and Cyber Bullying are the two which have the potential to cause tremendous damage. Pornographic exposure is a conceptic trigger that causes an addictive state wherein frequency of viewing causes an accepting or alteration of previously held moralistic values if they have been earlier instilled.
Further it causes levels of desensitization with continued exposure and alteration in thought patterns that effect everyday perceptions of the act of sexual intercourse and is a motivator for more permissive sexual activity. Also, this increase in sexual activity without discrimination is a major cause of sexual transmitted diseases. Therefore, as a child viewer the impossibility of forming correct moral establishment is disabled. Correct psychological presence is not able to be formed because of the influence or influx of unstabilizing sexual content.
Another trap is Cyber Bullying, which is an emotional upheaval that has a severe psychological consequence on children mentally, emotionally and then physically. Also, because of this inability ultimately they may develop a prevalence for alcohol and drugs to help cope, skipping school and might experience in person bullying. Another troubling facet that they may develop are health problems, low self-esteem and receive poor grades due to inner emotional turmoil.
Next, speculate on one (1) way not discussed in the article in which parents or society can protect children from online exploitation. Provide a rationale for your response.
One way not discussed in the article in which parents or society can protect children from online exploitation is to monitor their child’s activities when online by visually participating with child. As an active participant you as the adult have more knowledge and ability to help surf the internet with safety, discretion and use protective measures for yourself and child therefore building a safety net for interactive use while surfing the internet. An effective safety net will allow a promotion of good communication, establishment of protocols, following rules on sites, examination of literature of dangers relating to online usage, prevent the relayance of personal information to strangers, keep passwords confidential, explanation of what is acceptable conversation, understand what netiquette is and alerting authorities if someone approaches inappropriately online (parents then police).
Identify at least three (3) types of exploitation that prevalently occur over the Internet. Next, give your opinion of whether or not you believe that the current primary federal laws are efficient in combatting the types of Internet exploitation in question. Justify your response.
Three types of exploitation that prevalently occur over the Internet are:
Predatorial Stalkers
Child Pornography
Sex Tourism
The federal laws in questions are enacted to be a facilitator in the prevention of the acts of Predatorial Stalking whose ulterior motive is to achieve a goal which could include physical intimidation, psychological intimidation, murder, kidnapping and prostitution of target. Laws are in effect to protect anyone who is subjected to stalking with the applying of all legalities that would be in essence appropriate for different situations depending on the degree of offenses included in the act.
Child Pornography is another type of exploitation that has aspects that range from befriending a hurt child to the actual seduction of a child and leading a child to have prohibited sexual acts. To prevent this type of exploitation laws(Child Protection and Sexual Predator Punishment Act of 1998) have been compiled by the FBI, the Ice, Postal Inspection Services, the Department of Justice’s Child and Obscenity Section (CEOS) and the NCMEC to circumvent and apprehend suspects and offenders. With the combined departments working in conjunction as a whole this is a serious challenge to predators and preventive.
Sex Tourism is another exploitive act on the internet that includes a variety of participants that have children in the possession for the acts of prostitution either against their will or who have been groomed to be an active participant in the sexual act. Laws to assist in some situations that may be connective to a violator from this country that committed an act of sexual perversion against a child is Fight Against Child Exploitation (FACE) where the perpetrator was in another country and a complaint was filed against them would then work in conjunction with the F.B.I. and the Department of Justice to apprehend and press charges. Therefore, with precautions and safety and legal departments working as a collective force against the exploitation of children this should cause a serious decline.
Taylor, R.W., Fritsch, E.J. & Liederbach, J. (2015), Digital Crime and Digital Terrorism.
(3rd ed.). Boston: Pearson, Inc.
http://www.frc.org/onepagers/the-effects-of-pornography-on-individuals-marriage-family-and-community
https://www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/what-is-it/
https://www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/prevention/index.html
https://www.fbi.gov/news/speeches/child-exploitation-on-the-internet-the-dark-side-of-the-web
Reply to co-student #1
It's amazing that an individual would create a community online to entice and entrap children for sexual exploitation. I find the idea abhorrent of exploiting a child and I am appalled at the lowness of these individuals. Predatorial actions toward a child is something that I find intolerable and these predators should be pursued and given the longest sentence possible.
Further the acts of a sexual deviant can not be justified, tolerated or ignored. I agree with you on the need for a web filter to try to keep children from restrictive sites. Any preventative measure that is taken should be a deterrent in the desire for contact with people who are viewed as a criminal element. Fortunately, the Child Exploitation and Obscenity Section is a great facilitator in preventing outright attacks against children.
Thank you.
Felicia
Reply to co-student #2
I agree that pornography and social networks have an adverse affect on children and have an ability to anticipate a child's unsuspecting nature and prey on them because of their ability to be socialized. Peer pressure is also a huge avenue that allows a lot of latitude and maneuverability in the interaction of youth and sometimes in a detrimental fashion and allows the Differential Association Theory to kick in. This theory effectively covers the influx of juvenile crimes because they are usually done as a group and the accomplices are usually influenced by a leader (someone whom everyone admires and want to be).
I also understand your point that being stern about visiting undesirable sites is a stressing point that makes it a non-negotiable move. But because emulation is a learning process it is hard to control their activities unless they have a disdain for vulgar sites and acts of lasciviousness.
I disagree about "we can't be our child's friend". We (as parents) can be their best friend but they still need interaction with people their own age and respectable mentors and example.
Thank you.
Felicia
From the e-Activity, select two (2) types of online traps that have the most adverse impact on children.
There are seven online traps that have an impact on children as follows:
Pornography
YouTube
Cyberbullying
Sexual Predators
Sexting
Identity Theft
In view of the psychological damage that can be done the Pornography Trap and Cyber Bullying are the two which have the potential to cause tremendous damage. Pornographic exposure is a conceptic trigger that causes an addictive state wherein frequency of viewing causes an accepting or alteration of previously held moralistic values if they have been earlier instilled.
Further it causes levels of desensitization with continued exposure and alteration in thought patterns that effect everyday perceptions of the act of sexual intercourse and is a motivator for more permissive sexual activity. Also, this increase in sexual activity without discrimination is a major cause of sexual transmitted diseases. Therefore, as a child viewer the impossibility of forming correct moral establishment is disabled. Correct psychological presence is not able to be formed because of the influence or influx of unstabilizing sexual content.
Another trap is Cyber Bullying, which is an emotional upheaval that has a severe psychological consequence on children mentally, emotionally and then physically. Also, because of this inability ultimately they may develop a prevalence for alcohol and drugs to help cope, skipping school and might experience in person bullying. Another troubling facet that they may develop are health problems, low self-esteem and receive poor grades due to inner emotional turmoil.
Next, speculate on one (1) way not discussed in the article in which parents or society can protect children from online exploitation. Provide a rationale for your response.
One way not discussed in the article in which parents or society can protect children from online exploitation is to monitor their child’s activities when online by visually participating with child. As an active participant you as the adult have more knowledge and ability to help surf the internet with safety, discretion and use protective measures for yourself and child therefore building a safety net for interactive use while surfing the internet. An effective safety net will allow a promotion of good communication, establishment of protocols, following rules on sites, examination of literature of dangers relating to online usage, prevent the relayance of personal information to strangers, keep passwords confidential, explanation of what is acceptable conversation, understand what netiquette is and alerting authorities if someone approaches inappropriately online (parents then police).
Identify at least three (3) types of exploitation that prevalently occur over the Internet. Next, give your opinion of whether or not you believe that the current primary federal laws are efficient in combatting the types of Internet exploitation in question. Justify your response.
Three types of exploitation that prevalently occur over the Internet are:
Predatorial Stalkers
Child Pornography
Sex Tourism
The federal laws in questions are enacted to be a facilitator in the prevention of the acts of Predatorial Stalking whose ulterior motive is to achieve a goal which could include physical intimidation, psychological intimidation, murder, kidnapping and prostitution of target. Laws are in effect to protect anyone who is subjected to stalking with the applying of all legalities that would be in essence appropriate for different situations depending on the degree of offenses included in the act.
Child Pornography is another type of exploitation that has aspects that range from befriending a hurt child to the actual seduction of a child and leading a child to have prohibited sexual acts. To prevent this type of exploitation laws(Child Protection and Sexual Predator Punishment Act of 1998) have been compiled by the FBI, the Ice, Postal Inspection Services, the Department of Justice’s Child and Obscenity Section (CEOS) and the NCMEC to circumvent and apprehend suspects and offenders. With the combined departments working in conjunction as a whole this is a serious challenge to predators and preventive.
Sex Tourism is another exploitive act on the internet that includes a variety of participants that have children in the possession for the acts of prostitution either against their will or who have been groomed to be an active participant in the sexual act. Laws to assist in some situations that may be connective to a violator from this country that committed an act of sexual perversion against a child is Fight Against Child Exploitation (FACE) where the perpetrator was in another country and a complaint was filed against them would then work in conjunction with the F.B.I. and the Department of Justice to apprehend and press charges. Therefore, with precautions and safety and legal departments working as a collective force against the exploitation of children this should cause a serious decline.
Taylor, R.W., Fritsch, E.J. & Liederbach, J. (2015), Digital Crime and Digital Terrorism.
(3rd ed.). Boston: Pearson, Inc.
http://www.frc.org/onepagers/the-effects-of-pornography-on-individuals-marriage-family-and-community
https://www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/what-is-it/
https://www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/prevention/index.html
https://www.fbi.gov/news/speeches/child-exploitation-on-the-internet-the-dark-side-of-the-web
Reply to co-student #1
It's amazing that an individual would create a community online to entice and entrap children for sexual exploitation. I find the idea abhorrent of exploiting a child and I am appalled at the lowness of these individuals. Predatorial actions toward a child is something that I find intolerable and these predators should be pursued and given the longest sentence possible.
Further the acts of a sexual deviant can not be justified, tolerated or ignored. I agree with you on the need for a web filter to try to keep children from restrictive sites. Any preventative measure that is taken should be a deterrent in the desire for contact with people who are viewed as a criminal element. Fortunately, the Child Exploitation and Obscenity Section is a great facilitator in preventing outright attacks against children.
Thank you.
Felicia
Reply to co-student #2
I agree that pornography and social networks have an adverse affect on children and have an ability to anticipate a child's unsuspecting nature and prey on them because of their ability to be socialized. Peer pressure is also a huge avenue that allows a lot of latitude and maneuverability in the interaction of youth and sometimes in a detrimental fashion and allows the Differential Association Theory to kick in. This theory effectively covers the influx of juvenile crimes because they are usually done as a group and the accomplices are usually influenced by a leader (someone whom everyone admires and want to be).
I also understand your point that being stern about visiting undesirable sites is a stressing point that makes it a non-negotiable move. But because emulation is a learning process it is hard to control their activities unless they have a disdain for vulgar sites and acts of lasciviousness.
I disagree about "we can't be our child's friend". We (as parents) can be their best friend but they still need interaction with people their own age and respectable mentors and example.
Thank you.
Felicia
Discussion Week 5 - CIS170
Virus and Malicious Code
From the first e-Activity, explain the key differences between viruses and other malicious codes. Identify at least three (3) different types of viruses, and describe the main differences between each one. Next, explain both the potential threat posed by viruses and other malicious codes and their main effects on computers and productivity.
The differences between viruses and other malicious codes are:
Viruses are dependent on a host program and it is pretty much parasitic and dependent whereas malicious codes, e.g., a worm has the ability to propagate and is an independent form of software. Also, not only are viruses dependent they also propagate by intrusion into another program where it is assimilated and causes infection that travels from computer to computer.
Unlike viruses, a Trojan is another type of malware that is entered into the host (computer or database) where it reveals a purpose of destruction and it is not able to self-replicate or infect. Bots are interactive software with other networks and automate tasks that can be either good or with malicious content.
The potential threat posed by viruses and other malicious codes and their main effects on computers and productivity are the ability to cause a minor irritation, theft of confidential information or money, destruction of data, compromised systems, disabling of systems and networks. The rate of productivity can be affected so severely that information destroyed can cause a business to shut down due to a lack of back-up information, loss of clients can reduce the rate of service done and also cause inability to be considered marketable with a trust seal.
From the second e-Activity, discuss the fundamental lesson(s) that we can learn from the attacks of viruses and other malicious codes. Speculate on the main steps that both individuals and businesses can take in order to protect themselves from attacks that may occur in the future.
The fundamental lessons that can be learned is to find the nature of invasion and the steps needed to accomplish and foil another intrusion. Once an intrusion has been done or a system has been compromised the next step is how to correct, stabilize and prevent further attacks. Some of the ways that this can be done is by peer reviews (combined effort to resolve the state of compromise), hazard analysis (study of vulnerabilities and steps to suggest reduction), testing (systematic run and check of all components), configuration management (literal analysis of written software for possible malware intrusion and code disruption).
Further some of the main steps that individuals and businesses can take to protect themselves from attacks are:
1. Install software to counter malware attacks
2. Update systems with a new operating system
3. Establish password entry with encryption
4. Firewalls (make more complicated)
5. Knowledge on malware and viruses attacks
6. Hire computer experts for assistance and maintenance of security
http://www.microsoft.com/security/portal/mmpc/shared/prevention.aspx
www.quickenloans.com/.../tips-protect-computer-viruses-malware-attacks
Reply to co-student #1
The information on viruses was very informative. It is interesting how a code is programmed to replicate and do a series of commands for data acquisition, key strokes or whatever the task. The effect of all (adware/spyware, trojan, DoS Attack) can be a tremendous threat if no back-ups are available or the attack caused a shut down of the entire business.
A business today without its computer(s) is like a blind duck looking for water.
Thank you.
Felicia
Reply to co-student #2
I agree with your points that a trojan is an intruder with a hidden agenda with the sole purpose of destruction. One thing about adware/spyware is that ultimately its mission is really quite incredible because it goes in with a seeking and gathering of information and is pretty much self-sufficient.
Also, these three can be quite damaging and costly to repair with alterations to the software, database and overall changes in the systematic logical sequence of processing data.
Thank you.
Felicia
From the first e-Activity, explain the key differences between viruses and other malicious codes. Identify at least three (3) different types of viruses, and describe the main differences between each one. Next, explain both the potential threat posed by viruses and other malicious codes and their main effects on computers and productivity.
The differences between viruses and other malicious codes are:
Viruses are dependent on a host program and it is pretty much parasitic and dependent whereas malicious codes, e.g., a worm has the ability to propagate and is an independent form of software. Also, not only are viruses dependent they also propagate by intrusion into another program where it is assimilated and causes infection that travels from computer to computer.
Unlike viruses, a Trojan is another type of malware that is entered into the host (computer or database) where it reveals a purpose of destruction and it is not able to self-replicate or infect. Bots are interactive software with other networks and automate tasks that can be either good or with malicious content.
The potential threat posed by viruses and other malicious codes and their main effects on computers and productivity are the ability to cause a minor irritation, theft of confidential information or money, destruction of data, compromised systems, disabling of systems and networks. The rate of productivity can be affected so severely that information destroyed can cause a business to shut down due to a lack of back-up information, loss of clients can reduce the rate of service done and also cause inability to be considered marketable with a trust seal.
From the second e-Activity, discuss the fundamental lesson(s) that we can learn from the attacks of viruses and other malicious codes. Speculate on the main steps that both individuals and businesses can take in order to protect themselves from attacks that may occur in the future.
The fundamental lessons that can be learned is to find the nature of invasion and the steps needed to accomplish and foil another intrusion. Once an intrusion has been done or a system has been compromised the next step is how to correct, stabilize and prevent further attacks. Some of the ways that this can be done is by peer reviews (combined effort to resolve the state of compromise), hazard analysis (study of vulnerabilities and steps to suggest reduction), testing (systematic run and check of all components), configuration management (literal analysis of written software for possible malware intrusion and code disruption).
Further some of the main steps that individuals and businesses can take to protect themselves from attacks are:
1. Install software to counter malware attacks
2. Update systems with a new operating system
3. Establish password entry with encryption
4. Firewalls (make more complicated)
5. Knowledge on malware and viruses attacks
6. Hire computer experts for assistance and maintenance of security
http://www.microsoft.com/security/portal/mmpc/shared/prevention.aspx
www.quickenloans.com/.../tips-protect-computer-viruses-malware-attacks
Reply to co-student #1
The information on viruses was very informative. It is interesting how a code is programmed to replicate and do a series of commands for data acquisition, key strokes or whatever the task. The effect of all (adware/spyware, trojan, DoS Attack) can be a tremendous threat if no back-ups are available or the attack caused a shut down of the entire business.
A business today without its computer(s) is like a blind duck looking for water.
Thank you.
Felicia
Reply to co-student #2
I agree with your points that a trojan is an intruder with a hidden agenda with the sole purpose of destruction. One thing about adware/spyware is that ultimately its mission is really quite incredible because it goes in with a seeking and gathering of information and is pretty much self-sufficient.
Also, these three can be quite damaging and costly to repair with alterations to the software, database and overall changes in the systematic logical sequence of processing data.
Thank you.
Felicia
Discussion Week 4 - CIS170
White Collar Crimes
Describe the main similarities and differences between corporate espionage offenders who are so-called “insiders” and those who are so-called “outsiders”. In your discussion, include the main effects, incidence of, and potential costs associated with each type of corporate espionage.
The main similarities between “insiders” and outsiders are:
1. Goal is to gain access to proprietary information
2. Both need access to the workplace
3. Both need passwords
4. Physical intrusion into the computer room is needed
5. Theft of business secrets are priority
6. Both are acts of sabotage
7. Computer and Internet are used
8. Both use malware to compromise a computer or database system
9. Both visually steal passwords
10. Both uses spies
11. No loyalty
12. Financial gain is the motivator
The main differences between “insiders” and outsiders are
1. Insiders do not use a patsy
2. Outsiders sometimes use a patsy
3. Outsiders are not affiliated with target
4. Insiders are affiliated with target
5. Outsiders have the ability to hack in
6. Insiders don’t have to hack in
7. Insiders have the ability to preview information
8. Outsiders hack in and seize information without preview
As with any illegal intrusion there are costs and they include the securing of databases and computerized information to save information and halt intrusions, devise different methodology to access records, securing of entry into work place to prevent access to computer section and tampering, back-up plan to counter compromised situations. The main effects of such activities are lack of trust between clients and businesses, loss of reputation, stigma of unreliability, loss of business partners, reduced developments and expansions and investment ability, compromised integrity, business insurance escalates, shut down of business and disability to stay competitive, etc.
The potential costs are incalculable since it depends on the amount of damage that has been done. Sometimes the vulnerability of the target has been compromised severely and destroyed without a chance to facilitate a counter or back-up to continue operation. The amounts of financial damage could range from thousands to billions depending on the size of the business or target with a loss of associates.
From the e-Activity, identify one to two (1-2) types or incident(s) of the white collar crime that you have selected. Next, explain the primary manner in which the incident(s) that you have identified fit into the category of white collar crime.•
Bank Fraud
Computer Fraud
Both of these are White Collar Crimes because they are not traditional “street crimes”. Bank Fraud would be classified as an “insider” in corporate espionage because of the legitimate access to records and monies whereas Computer Fraud is classified as an “outsider” in corporate espionage with access due to illegal hacking and intrusion into the computer and database.
Reply to co-student #1
I agree with all your points about Insiders and Outsiders. If both could be apprehended and stalled out then businesses would be safer with costs down and enabled to develop and expand more. Possible "wipe out" is what comes to mind...no more competition. It is frightening to know people are this unscrupulous.
Thank you.
Felicia
Reply to co-student #2
I agree that Insiders are the ones with authorized entry and that they are after one thing and that is theft, destruction and malicious intent. Putting a stooge (patsy) in is usually what happens because they have no concern for the company just the dividends they can get. Outsiders put the "H" in hacking and hate because they are bent on destruction and gaining money at all costs.
Computer and Internet crime is so prevalent and increasing steadily with the additional use of computers and new technology that it is almost like entering a computerized jungle with danger zones everywhere that could destroy you at any time.
Credit Card and Application Fraud costs are one of the reasons businesses are suffering because both are done with control taken from both the consumer (victim) and business (pigeon).
Thank you.
Felicia
Describe the main similarities and differences between corporate espionage offenders who are so-called “insiders” and those who are so-called “outsiders”. In your discussion, include the main effects, incidence of, and potential costs associated with each type of corporate espionage.
The main similarities between “insiders” and outsiders are:
1. Goal is to gain access to proprietary information
2. Both need access to the workplace
3. Both need passwords
4. Physical intrusion into the computer room is needed
5. Theft of business secrets are priority
6. Both are acts of sabotage
7. Computer and Internet are used
8. Both use malware to compromise a computer or database system
9. Both visually steal passwords
10. Both uses spies
11. No loyalty
12. Financial gain is the motivator
The main differences between “insiders” and outsiders are
1. Insiders do not use a patsy
2. Outsiders sometimes use a patsy
3. Outsiders are not affiliated with target
4. Insiders are affiliated with target
5. Outsiders have the ability to hack in
6. Insiders don’t have to hack in
7. Insiders have the ability to preview information
8. Outsiders hack in and seize information without preview
As with any illegal intrusion there are costs and they include the securing of databases and computerized information to save information and halt intrusions, devise different methodology to access records, securing of entry into work place to prevent access to computer section and tampering, back-up plan to counter compromised situations. The main effects of such activities are lack of trust between clients and businesses, loss of reputation, stigma of unreliability, loss of business partners, reduced developments and expansions and investment ability, compromised integrity, business insurance escalates, shut down of business and disability to stay competitive, etc.
The potential costs are incalculable since it depends on the amount of damage that has been done. Sometimes the vulnerability of the target has been compromised severely and destroyed without a chance to facilitate a counter or back-up to continue operation. The amounts of financial damage could range from thousands to billions depending on the size of the business or target with a loss of associates.
From the e-Activity, identify one to two (1-2) types or incident(s) of the white collar crime that you have selected. Next, explain the primary manner in which the incident(s) that you have identified fit into the category of white collar crime.•
Bank Fraud
Computer Fraud
Both of these are White Collar Crimes because they are not traditional “street crimes”. Bank Fraud would be classified as an “insider” in corporate espionage because of the legitimate access to records and monies whereas Computer Fraud is classified as an “outsider” in corporate espionage with access due to illegal hacking and intrusion into the computer and database.
Reply to co-student #1
I agree with all your points about Insiders and Outsiders. If both could be apprehended and stalled out then businesses would be safer with costs down and enabled to develop and expand more. Possible "wipe out" is what comes to mind...no more competition. It is frightening to know people are this unscrupulous.
Thank you.
Felicia
Reply to co-student #2
I agree that Insiders are the ones with authorized entry and that they are after one thing and that is theft, destruction and malicious intent. Putting a stooge (patsy) in is usually what happens because they have no concern for the company just the dividends they can get. Outsiders put the "H" in hacking and hate because they are bent on destruction and gaining money at all costs.
Computer and Internet crime is so prevalent and increasing steadily with the additional use of computers and new technology that it is almost like entering a computerized jungle with danger zones everywhere that could destroy you at any time.
Credit Card and Application Fraud costs are one of the reasons businesses are suffering because both are done with control taken from both the consumer (victim) and business (pigeon).
Thank you.
Felicia
Discussion Week 3 - CIS170
Hackers and Cyber Criminal Organizations
From the first and second e-Activities, explain the hacker ethic and hacker manifesto.
The Hacker Ethic consists of the idea that anything and access to computers should be unlimited with total access, all information should be free and also that full trust in authority should not be allowed (decentralization), individual hackers should be judged by merits of quality or ability and that art is created and is beautiful with computer use and further that with usage it brings a better status of life.
The Hacker Manifesto is a brief literary text written by “The Mentor” which encouraged usurping adult authority, law enforcement and schools, and was very influential in the increase of hackers.
Give your opinion as to why hackers do not consider themselves to be criminals. Include one (1) example of such types of hackers to support your response.
Based upon the Hacker Ethics and Hacker Manifesto the hacking into computers and databases is not considered a criminal act because they attribute their intrusions to curiosity and need to explore the networks and they therefore escape the legality of the law.
One example of hackers that do not consider themselves a criminal is called the “White Hats”. These hackers have been reformed or rehabilitated and enter without malicious intent without damage to databases.
Describe at least two (2) ways in which organized crime uses social media sites for its benefits.
Three ways in which organized crime uses social media for benefits are:
1. Intelligence operations for collection information – collection of information of targets
2. Facilitate the commission of crimes – accessory or level that helps commit acts of fraud
3. Communications vehicle – send codes for specific reasons, communication cover
Next, speculate on the measures that the government could take in order to combat digital crimes perpetrated through social media sites. Provide a rationale for your response.
The measures that the government could take in order to combat digital crimes perpetrated through social media sites would include insulating the systems against intrusion and putting a rattler (invasive aggressive worm that gather information of identity) to retaliate and prevent any hacking into the sites.
Further because digital crimes are steadily increasing everyday due to the recession and lack of employment opportunities studies should be done per segment in a “If then what” pilot to try to prevent crimes. Fake tests with various scenarios of how accessible these sites are with vulnerabilities listed and challenge to close the door shut. Preventive measures will always help protect sites and since reputations are built on negative reinforcement and corrective enforcement this should help freeze and prevent.
Reply to co-student #1
Hackers also steal and the more restrictive and confidential the information the more valuable to sell. This is why identity theft is a major problem for all and cost the global economy enormous amounts of money.
Also, the "Manifesto" preaches in the text about having contempt for barriers, adults, law enforcement, schools and that all computers are accessible to gain knowledge.
Social media is also used as a hedge, cover and pass on details about criminal activities.
Thank you.
Felicia
Reply to co-student #2
Not only do they believe that hacking is ethical, hackers looks at his code of ethics and this is what he/she considers during a hacking experience and that is access should be allowed, all information should be free, no one should completely trust authority, quality vs quantity is a determining factor in ability and the art that is created with a computer is beautiful and that the usage of a computer will bring about a better status of life.
Also, I agree with the rest of your points and expansion on social media is great and explains a lot.
Thank you.
Felicia
From the first and second e-Activities, explain the hacker ethic and hacker manifesto.
The Hacker Ethic consists of the idea that anything and access to computers should be unlimited with total access, all information should be free and also that full trust in authority should not be allowed (decentralization), individual hackers should be judged by merits of quality or ability and that art is created and is beautiful with computer use and further that with usage it brings a better status of life.
The Hacker Manifesto is a brief literary text written by “The Mentor” which encouraged usurping adult authority, law enforcement and schools, and was very influential in the increase of hackers.
Give your opinion as to why hackers do not consider themselves to be criminals. Include one (1) example of such types of hackers to support your response.
Based upon the Hacker Ethics and Hacker Manifesto the hacking into computers and databases is not considered a criminal act because they attribute their intrusions to curiosity and need to explore the networks and they therefore escape the legality of the law.
One example of hackers that do not consider themselves a criminal is called the “White Hats”. These hackers have been reformed or rehabilitated and enter without malicious intent without damage to databases.
Describe at least two (2) ways in which organized crime uses social media sites for its benefits.
Three ways in which organized crime uses social media for benefits are:
1. Intelligence operations for collection information – collection of information of targets
2. Facilitate the commission of crimes – accessory or level that helps commit acts of fraud
3. Communications vehicle – send codes for specific reasons, communication cover
Next, speculate on the measures that the government could take in order to combat digital crimes perpetrated through social media sites. Provide a rationale for your response.
The measures that the government could take in order to combat digital crimes perpetrated through social media sites would include insulating the systems against intrusion and putting a rattler (invasive aggressive worm that gather information of identity) to retaliate and prevent any hacking into the sites.
Further because digital crimes are steadily increasing everyday due to the recession and lack of employment opportunities studies should be done per segment in a “If then what” pilot to try to prevent crimes. Fake tests with various scenarios of how accessible these sites are with vulnerabilities listed and challenge to close the door shut. Preventive measures will always help protect sites and since reputations are built on negative reinforcement and corrective enforcement this should help freeze and prevent.
Reply to co-student #1
Hackers also steal and the more restrictive and confidential the information the more valuable to sell. This is why identity theft is a major problem for all and cost the global economy enormous amounts of money.
Also, the "Manifesto" preaches in the text about having contempt for barriers, adults, law enforcement, schools and that all computers are accessible to gain knowledge.
Social media is also used as a hedge, cover and pass on details about criminal activities.
Thank you.
Felicia
Reply to co-student #2
Not only do they believe that hacking is ethical, hackers looks at his code of ethics and this is what he/she considers during a hacking experience and that is access should be allowed, all information should be free, no one should completely trust authority, quality vs quantity is a determining factor in ability and the art that is created with a computer is beautiful and that the usage of a computer will bring about a better status of life.
Also, I agree with the rest of your points and expansion on social media is great and explains a lot.
Thank you.
Felicia
Discussion Week 2 - CIS170
Digital Terrorism and Criminology of Computer Crime
List at least three (3) major categories of cyber terrorism and / or information warfare. Among the chosen categories, determine the one (1) that should be the top priority for the federal government to address. Provide a rationale to support your response.
Three major categories of cyber terrorism and/or information warfare are:
1. Infrastructure Attacks
2. Technological Facilitation
3. Promotion
The first category listed is the one that should be a primary concern for the federal government to address. Top priority should be given because it is important to maintain security to ensure that the United States is up, running and protected at all times. Further because of the massive databases involved it is tantamount to “protect at all cost” all communicative and “think” software and hardware. Also, without these informational bases we are vulnerable and unprotected. We are past the arena of just telephone technology only.
Among the different psychological theories that are discussed in Chapter 3 of the textbook, identify at least two (2) that are relevant to digital crime.
Relevant to the study and manner of addressing digital crime are these two psychological theories as follows:
1. Choice Theory
2. Routine Theory
As used in an applicable fashion, Choice Theory allows the progressive examination of free choice and with that summarized conclusion it helps support the rationale that he or she knows the risks, benefits and have weighed the consequences and performs the digital criminal act anyway.
Routine Theory has a different approach in that digital crime committed is based on a motivated offender (person tempted by gravitational kudos, salutes and bravado (false machismo), a suitable target (ease of hacking into and difficulty (like Fort Knox) is a spurious thrill ride for some and with the absence of a preventive software shield this allows an “ok” to enter and conquer. The invader becomes the Trojan Horse and lets out all their unpleasant surprises upon the unwary victim.
Next, discuss the primary way in which society or an individual could use the psychological theories that you have identified to combat digital crime. Justify your response.
The primary way in which society or an individual could use the psychological theories that I identified to combat crime is 1) study the antics of hackers, 2) intrude on their turf, 3) surveillance cue of announcement (silent squealer), 4) pinpoint and track from entry to location of entry assault and where physically located, 5) warrant to seize and destroy, 6) apprehend subject, 7) scrutinize affiliates and repeat steps 1-6 and with this kind of relentless pursuit of digital crime offenders I feel they will think twice. Take them all down!.
(Name for this - Operation Blue Balls).
Reply to co-student
regarding the Choice Theory I disagree that deterrence would be total but I agree that it should cause some impact to send "signals out" that playtime is over.
As far as the Psychological Theory "Personality Disorder", I feel that the behavior exhibited is intractable, irascible and temperamental to be a significant threat and even harder to prove a criminal act and make it stick because of his/her possibly pleading lack of knowledge and understanding of the law etc. My recommendation is restriction of computer access if they are past phenomenal.
I also disagree about the Psychological Theory (limited - hard to pinpoint him or her), Electronic Warfare (limited - all material replaceable and repairable) but the Information Warfare is part of the protection of the Infrastructure. Attacking the Infrastructure is usually the target not just the Information databases...these usually have back-ups.
Thank you.
Felicia
List at least three (3) major categories of cyber terrorism and / or information warfare. Among the chosen categories, determine the one (1) that should be the top priority for the federal government to address. Provide a rationale to support your response.
Three major categories of cyber terrorism and/or information warfare are:
1. Infrastructure Attacks
2. Technological Facilitation
3. Promotion
The first category listed is the one that should be a primary concern for the federal government to address. Top priority should be given because it is important to maintain security to ensure that the United States is up, running and protected at all times. Further because of the massive databases involved it is tantamount to “protect at all cost” all communicative and “think” software and hardware. Also, without these informational bases we are vulnerable and unprotected. We are past the arena of just telephone technology only.
Among the different psychological theories that are discussed in Chapter 3 of the textbook, identify at least two (2) that are relevant to digital crime.
Relevant to the study and manner of addressing digital crime are these two psychological theories as follows:
1. Choice Theory
2. Routine Theory
As used in an applicable fashion, Choice Theory allows the progressive examination of free choice and with that summarized conclusion it helps support the rationale that he or she knows the risks, benefits and have weighed the consequences and performs the digital criminal act anyway.
Routine Theory has a different approach in that digital crime committed is based on a motivated offender (person tempted by gravitational kudos, salutes and bravado (false machismo), a suitable target (ease of hacking into and difficulty (like Fort Knox) is a spurious thrill ride for some and with the absence of a preventive software shield this allows an “ok” to enter and conquer. The invader becomes the Trojan Horse and lets out all their unpleasant surprises upon the unwary victim.
Next, discuss the primary way in which society or an individual could use the psychological theories that you have identified to combat digital crime. Justify your response.
The primary way in which society or an individual could use the psychological theories that I identified to combat crime is 1) study the antics of hackers, 2) intrude on their turf, 3) surveillance cue of announcement (silent squealer), 4) pinpoint and track from entry to location of entry assault and where physically located, 5) warrant to seize and destroy, 6) apprehend subject, 7) scrutinize affiliates and repeat steps 1-6 and with this kind of relentless pursuit of digital crime offenders I feel they will think twice. Take them all down!.
(Name for this - Operation Blue Balls).
Reply to co-student
regarding the Choice Theory I disagree that deterrence would be total but I agree that it should cause some impact to send "signals out" that playtime is over.
As far as the Psychological Theory "Personality Disorder", I feel that the behavior exhibited is intractable, irascible and temperamental to be a significant threat and even harder to prove a criminal act and make it stick because of his/her possibly pleading lack of knowledge and understanding of the law etc. My recommendation is restriction of computer access if they are past phenomenal.
I also disagree about the Psychological Theory (limited - hard to pinpoint him or her), Electronic Warfare (limited - all material replaceable and repairable) but the Information Warfare is part of the protection of the Infrastructure. Attacking the Infrastructure is usually the target not just the Information databases...these usually have back-ups.
Thank you.
Felicia
Discussion Week 1 - CIS170
Explosive Growth of Digital Crime and Fighting Digital Crime
Identify at least two (2) factors that have led to the explosive growth of digital crime over the past a few decades. Next, describe the most common forms of digital crime, and give your opinion as to why those forms you described are so common. Provide a rationale for your response.
Two factors that have led to the growth of digital crime over the past decades are the increased usage of computers and internet in a lawless land. Also, increased availability of high technology allows virus creation and computer hacking techniques to be learned and evolved. Because of this several types of digital crimes are prevalent and described as cybercrime which are crimes done utilizing a computer.
The most common forms of digital crimes are global wide production and distribution of child pornography, financial crimes which involve embezzlement, padding (over sale and returns as defective), extortion (pressure of blackmail due to computer invasion, theft (consists of all types of thievery to steal personal records, information removal and destruction), Gambling (an illicit and illegal gaming that is not certified, legalized and without approval), cyber stalking (the utilizing of a computer to stalk and harass an individual(s)), Hacking (the unwanted intrusion and attack into a computer’s interior) and other crimes.
The rationale behind the increase of these cyber crimes are the lack of ability to manually police each computer due to mass amount of users and increasing growth. Further, criminals or people starting to commit cyber crimes see the ease and potential to commit fraud and accomplish lack of discovery. Also the parties involved in criminal activities can range from one to many in these activities due to large amounts of money to be made.
e-Activity
Three Types of Digital Crimes
1. Committing of Hate Crimes
2. Stalking
3. Terrorism
Main agencies that enforce digital crime laws follow:
Computer Crimes and Intellectual Property Section (CCIPS), Child Exploitation and Obscenity Section (CEOS), Fraud Section,Computer and Telecommunications Coordinator (CTC) Program, National Internet Crimes Against Children Task Force (ICAC) Program, Computer Hacking and Intellectual Property (CHIP) units, Project Safe Childhood Coordinators
FBI
1. Cyber Division
2. Computer Intrusion Section
3. Information Sharing and Analysis Section
Federal Trade Commission
Department of Defense Criminal Investigative Service (DCIS)
One way for the federal agencies to improve the public response is to have jurisdictions clearly delineated to be almost a self-help guide to getting assistance quicker. As far as the role of the individual citizen in the fight against digital crime is to become savvy about trends in criminal behavior and learn to safeguard themselves as much as possible.
Reply to co-student
Your post was very informative and helps delineate the situation everyone is in. One thing about stalking is that they sometimes have the advantage until they mess up and tip their hand. Further, it is hard to get a stalker arrested and prosecuted unless you can catch them pretty much red handed and no way is left for them to escape.
Further hackers are challenging authority...not just necessarily for money only. They get a high thumbing their nose to all...especially the FBI.
Thanks.
Felicia
Identify at least two (2) factors that have led to the explosive growth of digital crime over the past a few decades. Next, describe the most common forms of digital crime, and give your opinion as to why those forms you described are so common. Provide a rationale for your response.
Two factors that have led to the growth of digital crime over the past decades are the increased usage of computers and internet in a lawless land. Also, increased availability of high technology allows virus creation and computer hacking techniques to be learned and evolved. Because of this several types of digital crimes are prevalent and described as cybercrime which are crimes done utilizing a computer.
The most common forms of digital crimes are global wide production and distribution of child pornography, financial crimes which involve embezzlement, padding (over sale and returns as defective), extortion (pressure of blackmail due to computer invasion, theft (consists of all types of thievery to steal personal records, information removal and destruction), Gambling (an illicit and illegal gaming that is not certified, legalized and without approval), cyber stalking (the utilizing of a computer to stalk and harass an individual(s)), Hacking (the unwanted intrusion and attack into a computer’s interior) and other crimes.
The rationale behind the increase of these cyber crimes are the lack of ability to manually police each computer due to mass amount of users and increasing growth. Further, criminals or people starting to commit cyber crimes see the ease and potential to commit fraud and accomplish lack of discovery. Also the parties involved in criminal activities can range from one to many in these activities due to large amounts of money to be made.
e-Activity
Three Types of Digital Crimes
1. Committing of Hate Crimes
2. Stalking
3. Terrorism
Main agencies that enforce digital crime laws follow:
Computer Crimes and Intellectual Property Section (CCIPS), Child Exploitation and Obscenity Section (CEOS), Fraud Section,Computer and Telecommunications Coordinator (CTC) Program, National Internet Crimes Against Children Task Force (ICAC) Program, Computer Hacking and Intellectual Property (CHIP) units, Project Safe Childhood Coordinators
FBI
1. Cyber Division
2. Computer Intrusion Section
3. Information Sharing and Analysis Section
Federal Trade Commission
Department of Defense Criminal Investigative Service (DCIS)
One way for the federal agencies to improve the public response is to have jurisdictions clearly delineated to be almost a self-help guide to getting assistance quicker. As far as the role of the individual citizen in the fight against digital crime is to become savvy about trends in criminal behavior and learn to safeguard themselves as much as possible.
Reply to co-student
Your post was very informative and helps delineate the situation everyone is in. One thing about stalking is that they sometimes have the advantage until they mess up and tip their hand. Further, it is hard to get a stalker arrested and prosecuted unless you can catch them pretty much red handed and no way is left for them to escape.
Further hackers are challenging authority...not just necessarily for money only. They get a high thumbing their nose to all...especially the FBI.
Thanks.
Felicia
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