Attitude Theories:
Cognitive Dissonance Theory Assert that
Rationalization Shapes Attitudes
Self-Perception Theory Contends that Behavior
Causes Attitudes
1
Attitude Theories
Strayer University
Assignment #3
Psy 110 Online Winter 2012
Felicia McCaw
Attitude Theories
2
ABSTRACT
Discussed is the how the formation of attitudes is achieved. Attitudes are formed when reacting to people, objects, things and events. Stimuli is received, processed and help form attitudes and these are the basis for Cognitive Dissonance Theory and Self-Perception Theory.
The Cognitive Dissonance Theory allows the acting out of dissonance between aspects which causes levels of uncomfortableness and a wavering of determination and reflects a need to change because of this. Effective change of dissonance is one of its primary goals.
The Self-Perception Theory uses the process of knowing self and internally analyzing self-behavior and allows the attainment of knowledge of attitudes, beliefs and the ability to do a self-analysis.
When comparing the Cognitive Dissonance Theory and the Self-Perception Theory found is that the Cognitive Dissonance Theory works primarily by discovering that dissonance occurs when perceived inconsistency occurs in their beliefs (thoughts, ideas) and in order to make consonance change is needed. Self-Perception Theory is based on self-knowledge and there is no need for consonance. Reflected also is a chart comparing the negative and positive aspects of both Cognitive Dissonance Theory and the Self-Perception Theory.
Attitude Theories
3
Before discussing the two theories Cognitive Dissonance Theory and Self-Perception Theory and the aspects of both an explanation of how attitudes are formed will be discussed.
Attitudes are formed when reacting to people, objects, things, and events. Stimuli is received and processed and helps form attitudes and these changes are the basis for Cognitive Dissonance Theory and Self-Perception Theory. Also, a lot of aspects that affect a person’s attitudes are negative and positive interaction, environmental changes, legalities, family, marriage, children, education, positive feedback, changing circumstances, exposure to new stimuli, differing perceptions, subconscious, conscious mind, incoming stimuli, cultural clash, interacting with differing cultures, emotions, facial and body language and humor. Further, other factors also assist in attitudes formation and they are self-esteem, prejudice, interpersonal attraction, friendship, love, bad memories and contradictory feelings.
When considering the Cognitive Dissonance Theory all aspects listed above affect a person’s attitude and play a part in acting out dissonance sometimes between the aspects which causes levels of uncomfortableness and a wavering of determination and reflects a change in attitude because of this. If an attitude or cognition causes discomfit then the conscious mind would enact a more comfortable state to relieve the stress and find a solution for comfort (consonance). Usually consonance will win out every time otherwise an increase of unhappiness, sadness would occur and eventually cause internal harm. Because of this several cognitions (thoughts, ideas) can be interchangeably considered at once and the process of changing attitudes or cognitions increases in momentum to achieve or restore consonance based on priorities by importance.
Another part of the Cognitive Dissonance Theory is dissonance and it is the level of discomfort whether high or low and affects the importance of cognitions and the rate at which consonance is sought to correct dissonance. There are four ways to reduce dissonance and restore consonance: (1) Cancel the choice or cognition, (2) Make choice or cognition more attractive, (3) Decrease the attractiveness and (4) Reduce choice or cognition importance. Below is an example of the Cognitive Dissonance Theory to reduce or correct dissonance:
“My car is nearly paid off.” (Truth)
“My car is too beat up to keep.” (Lie)
Because I lied I have a feeling of discomfit and alter my statement to read as follows:
“My car is nearly paid off and needs a few repairs.”
The Self-Perception Theory uses the process of knowing self and internally analyzing self-behavior and allows the attainment of knowledge of attitudes, beliefs and the ability to do a self-analysis. Because a self-analysis is able to be done the discovery of internal states allow
Attitude Theories
4
picking up cues from behavior in certain situations, reactions to circumstances, behavioral patterns in different environments and if unable to do a self-analysis then it is like looking from the outside inwardly. Because of this ability to know and comprehend self it is very influential because of its simplicity of use and in understanding the true hidden part we keep from the world. Below is an example of the Self-Perception Theory which has no dissonance:
“My car is nearly paid off.” (Truth)
“My car is too beat up to keep.” (Truth)
Because of the Self-Perception Theory flexibility I have no feeling of guilt for over exaggerating the situation and don’t have to alter my statement.
When comparing and contrasting the Cognitive Dissonance Theory and the Self-Perception Theory found is that the Cognitive Dissonance Theory works primarily by discovering that dissonance occurs when a perceived inconsistency occurs in their beliefs (thoughts, ideas) and in order to make consonance modification it has to be done to uphold consistency. Whereas the Self-Perception Theory is based on self-knowledge and there is no need for restoring of consonance because it does not apply. Also, Self-Perception Theory is more in depth and utilizes self-discovery and exploring self is expansive and sometimes going outwardly and looking inwardly allows a lengthy amount of time to analyze. Furthermore the contrast between the two theories reflects the following differences reflecting the positive and negative aspects of both: Chart 1
Cognitive Dissonance Theory Self-Perception Theory
Negative Positive Negative Positive
No Self-Analysis Needed Motivated to Decrease
Dissonance Unable to get true analysis sometimes Looking Inward Helps Change
Assumptions Made Consistency No Assumptions Made
Adjust Behavior or Attitudes When Conflicts Occurs Produces Something
Positive Influential
Attitude Changes When Conflict Occurs Able to Resolve Dissonance Able to Change Attitudes by Self-Analysis
Can Explain the Adjustment of Self-Knowledge under different conditions Can Explain the Adjustment of Self-
Knowledge under different conditions
Attitude Theories
5
Chart 1 – (continued)
Cognitive Dissonance Theory Self-Perception Theory
Negative Positive Negative Positive
Encourager Encourager
New Self-Knowledge
Constantly
Inconsistency must exist between cognitions to adjust to consonance Inconsistency must exist between cognitions to adjust to consonance No need for consistency between prior beliefs and behavior
Can explain the adjustment of Self-Knowledge Can explain the adjustment of Self-Knowledge
Consequently, both the Cognitive Dissonance Theory and Self-Perception Theory are able to explain adjustment of self-knowledge under different conditions and can work on a complementary basis. Further both are effective and move effortlessly when adjusting cognitions to adhere to whatever situation or occurrence that occurs.
REFERENCES
Bem, D. J. & McConnell, H.K (1970). Testing the Self-Perception Explanation of Dissonance Phenomena: On the Salience of Premanipulation Attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology14(1), 23-31. Retrieved from
http://www.dbem.ws/Testing SP Theory.pdf
(Bem & McConnell 1970).
Fazio, R.H. & Zanna, M.P. & Cooper, J.(1977). Dissonance and Self-perception: An Integrative View of Each Theory’s Proper Domain of Application. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 13, 464-479. Retrieved from
http://heatherlench.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/06/fazio.pdf
(Fazio & Zanna & Cooper 1977)
Greenwald, A.G. (1975). On the Inconclusiveness of “Crucial” Cognitive Tests of Dissonance Versus Self-Perception Theories. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 11(5), 490-499. Retrieved from
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022103175900517
(Greenwald 1975)
What-When-How. Self-Perception Theory (Social Science). Retrieved from
http://what-when-how.com/social-sciences/self-perception-theory-social-science/
Nursing Theories. (2011), Cognitive Dissonance Theory. Retrieved from
http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/cognitive_dissonance_theory.html
Communication Institute for Online Scholarship. Cognitive Dissonance Theory. Retrieved from
http://www.cios.org/encyclopedia/persuasion/Dcognitive_dissonance_1theory.htm
Saturday, November 29, 2014
OBSERVATIONAL RESEARCH
OBSERVATIONAL RESEARCH
Felicia McCaw
Social Psychology
Strayer University
Felicia McCaw
Social Psychology
Strayer University
OBSERVATIONAL RESEARCH
Observational Research Method consists of the study and meticulous gathering of data to support the visual display of behavioral patterns exhibited. There are three types of Observational Research and they are: Covert Observation Research, Overt Observational Research and Researcher Participation.
Covert Observational Research is one of the types of Observational Research Methods which would study individuals or groups without their knowledge. During the process of ensuing study researchers will not identify themselves but will mingle freely with the subject(s) under study undetected and or will observe from a distance. One of the primary concerns of this type of research is the concern of ethics in dealing with any subject(s) to be studied. Because of this concern components that are used are held in confidence and people, cities, names are not to be used but will be referred to as subject a, b, c, d. Compiled data will be analyzed and placed in categories of desired information for future need for study.
Another aspect of Observational Research Method is the Overt Observational Research and it consists of researchers identifying themselves and the goals of research to be done and explain purpose of observations. By starting to relay to said subject(s) to be studied this may cause contamination of results and relay false data due to contrivance on part of subjects unwilling to relay true information or reality of results found on paper. Portrayed on tests, surveys will be ambiguous details which do not relay the truth in its entirety. Questionable is the thought that this type of research will relay no deception…I strongly feel that if a person or group is relaying a portrayal of what they wish projected than this is just imagery and not the true manner of events that is being sought.
Felicia McCaw
Social Psychology
Strayer University
Page 2
Comparing Covert Observational Research to Overt Observational Research the preference for me is Covert because more details and factual behavioral patterns, dysfunctionality and abnormality are discovered without deceit and disguise. The ability to summary and come to the conclusion of the hidden problems in society and lack of societal norms that span from youth to old age is amazing and reflects a sad view of humanity as a whole.
Further, as a beginning student in the field of psychology, the possibility of finding a phenomenon of this magnitude is rather awesome because I get to play the role as Research Participant. It has fortuitously landed in my lap and anyone would be a fool to not absorb the clearly insidious ploy at hand and that is clearly a serious breakdown in societal norms and a new radical way of destroying a person has been established. Unfortunately, the admittance of said behavior will not be confessed openly because of the negative stigma that goes with it and the consequence of actions. Because of this a Research Participant role can only be done if infiltration is possible and notes, details are meticoulsy gathered by more than one and even then ethics would be questioned as well as integrity and truthfulness.
REFERENCES
Homan, Roger, “The Ethics of Covert Methods”, The British Journal of Sociology, Political Science, 57(1), P. 45 – 52.
http://en.wikipedia.org/Wiki/Observational_tech
Causes of Crime – Explaining Crime, Physical Abnormalities, Psychological Disorder, Social and Economic Factors, Broken Windows, Income and Education – Jrank Articles, http://law.Jrank.org/pages/12004/Causes-Crime.html#ixzz1ia2hDzFm
Felicia McCaw
Social Psychology
Strayer University
Felicia McCaw
Social Psychology
Strayer University
OBSERVATIONAL RESEARCH
Observational Research Method consists of the study and meticulous gathering of data to support the visual display of behavioral patterns exhibited. There are three types of Observational Research and they are: Covert Observation Research, Overt Observational Research and Researcher Participation.
Covert Observational Research is one of the types of Observational Research Methods which would study individuals or groups without their knowledge. During the process of ensuing study researchers will not identify themselves but will mingle freely with the subject(s) under study undetected and or will observe from a distance. One of the primary concerns of this type of research is the concern of ethics in dealing with any subject(s) to be studied. Because of this concern components that are used are held in confidence and people, cities, names are not to be used but will be referred to as subject a, b, c, d. Compiled data will be analyzed and placed in categories of desired information for future need for study.
Another aspect of Observational Research Method is the Overt Observational Research and it consists of researchers identifying themselves and the goals of research to be done and explain purpose of observations. By starting to relay to said subject(s) to be studied this may cause contamination of results and relay false data due to contrivance on part of subjects unwilling to relay true information or reality of results found on paper. Portrayed on tests, surveys will be ambiguous details which do not relay the truth in its entirety. Questionable is the thought that this type of research will relay no deception…I strongly feel that if a person or group is relaying a portrayal of what they wish projected than this is just imagery and not the true manner of events that is being sought.
Felicia McCaw
Social Psychology
Strayer University
Page 2
Comparing Covert Observational Research to Overt Observational Research the preference for me is Covert because more details and factual behavioral patterns, dysfunctionality and abnormality are discovered without deceit and disguise. The ability to summary and come to the conclusion of the hidden problems in society and lack of societal norms that span from youth to old age is amazing and reflects a sad view of humanity as a whole.
Further, as a beginning student in the field of psychology, the possibility of finding a phenomenon of this magnitude is rather awesome because I get to play the role as Research Participant. It has fortuitously landed in my lap and anyone would be a fool to not absorb the clearly insidious ploy at hand and that is clearly a serious breakdown in societal norms and a new radical way of destroying a person has been established. Unfortunately, the admittance of said behavior will not be confessed openly because of the negative stigma that goes with it and the consequence of actions. Because of this a Research Participant role can only be done if infiltration is possible and notes, details are meticoulsy gathered by more than one and even then ethics would be questioned as well as integrity and truthfulness.
REFERENCES
Homan, Roger, “The Ethics of Covert Methods”, The British Journal of Sociology, Political Science, 57(1), P. 45 – 52.
http://en.wikipedia.org/Wiki/Observational_tech
Causes of Crime – Explaining Crime, Physical Abnormalities, Psychological Disorder, Social and Economic Factors, Broken Windows, Income and Education – Jrank Articles, http://law.Jrank.org/pages/12004/Causes-Crime.html#ixzz1ia2hDzFm
AND WE ARE NOT SAVED
The Elusive Quest for Racial Justice
Written By Derrick Bell
Excerpt Chapter 4
Neither Separate Schools Nor Mixed Schools
Prepared
By Felicia McCaw
BY FELICIA MCCAW – A DRAFT OF WHAT I FEEL COULD HAVE DIFUSED THE CONFLICT AND SAVED A LOT OF PEOPLE.
April 20, 2011
Board of Education
1111 Somewhere Drive
Columbus, SC 55512
Dear Parents of White and Black Children:
As a measure to desegregate school and provide an equal opportunity for all to receive an equitable education measures have been set in motion to merge schools to consist of both white and black students. We (Board of Education) realize that the implementation of this plan is met with tremendous resentment and each race feels the threat to their children and are disturbed and feel that it will affect adversely the academic standards, generate discipline problems and possibly place all children in physical danger. Further we realize that both races equally share the need to be separate and wish to maintain distance and probably feel that your cultural rights are being violated, compromised and forced to mingle. Also, we understand and support all initiatives to limit the influence of different racial and cultural groups within any community but as ordered by the United States Supreme Court it has been ordered that these schools will be desegregated according to laws passed. Because of our understanding of your fears enforcing school desegregation was delayed for several years but we have come to a point when further delay is not being allowed.
Further we understand your theory that the educational levels and quality at school would suffer because of integrating with black students attending and that other possible detrimental factors will occur, but as stated before this is not a choice but a mandate that must be put in effect and followed posthaste. As mandated 2/3 of the students who attend W.E.B. DuBois School which is an excellent educational facility for black students will be bused to a white school and 2/3 of the students who are white will be bused to W.E.B. DuBois School in exchange. Also, we understand the parents’ view of black children who attend W.E.B. DuBois School who oppose the desegregating of this school because it was built to nurture and install the best education they could be given and your feelings that the admission of white students will upset and undermine the fragile balance between the races and black children need to be able to survive societal hostility.
The advantages to desegregating would result in covering the deficit, higher teacher’s salaries, additional teacher’s aides, new school buses (100 new buses) and would generate jobs: Hiring of new bus drivers (new hires), mechanics and service personnel, construction contracts (resulting in construction jobs for idle workers and architectural firms and landscape designers).
Board of Education
1111 Somewhere Drive
Columbus, SC 55512
Page 2
Federal funds (grants) of several million dollars have been applied for and won for federal desegregation and also State funds to ensure the elevation level of education provided which would cover the hiring of new teachers and lower the teacher-pupil ratio and add additional guidance counselors to help with any merging issues and advisory personnel. Furthermore, the annexations of several unincorporated areas will allow additional white students into the public school system and slow the percentage rate of black students and defray the cost of financially burdening the educational system.
Consequently, as stated above desegregating is advantageous to all and we (Board of Education) hope that you will participate willingly and do your share to make this work.
Sincerely,
Sam Paules
Chairman
Board of Education
Written By Derrick Bell
Excerpt Chapter 4
Neither Separate Schools Nor Mixed Schools
Prepared
By Felicia McCaw
BY FELICIA MCCAW – A DRAFT OF WHAT I FEEL COULD HAVE DIFUSED THE CONFLICT AND SAVED A LOT OF PEOPLE.
April 20, 2011
Board of Education
1111 Somewhere Drive
Columbus, SC 55512
Dear Parents of White and Black Children:
As a measure to desegregate school and provide an equal opportunity for all to receive an equitable education measures have been set in motion to merge schools to consist of both white and black students. We (Board of Education) realize that the implementation of this plan is met with tremendous resentment and each race feels the threat to their children and are disturbed and feel that it will affect adversely the academic standards, generate discipline problems and possibly place all children in physical danger. Further we realize that both races equally share the need to be separate and wish to maintain distance and probably feel that your cultural rights are being violated, compromised and forced to mingle. Also, we understand and support all initiatives to limit the influence of different racial and cultural groups within any community but as ordered by the United States Supreme Court it has been ordered that these schools will be desegregated according to laws passed. Because of our understanding of your fears enforcing school desegregation was delayed for several years but we have come to a point when further delay is not being allowed.
Further we understand your theory that the educational levels and quality at school would suffer because of integrating with black students attending and that other possible detrimental factors will occur, but as stated before this is not a choice but a mandate that must be put in effect and followed posthaste. As mandated 2/3 of the students who attend W.E.B. DuBois School which is an excellent educational facility for black students will be bused to a white school and 2/3 of the students who are white will be bused to W.E.B. DuBois School in exchange. Also, we understand the parents’ view of black children who attend W.E.B. DuBois School who oppose the desegregating of this school because it was built to nurture and install the best education they could be given and your feelings that the admission of white students will upset and undermine the fragile balance between the races and black children need to be able to survive societal hostility.
The advantages to desegregating would result in covering the deficit, higher teacher’s salaries, additional teacher’s aides, new school buses (100 new buses) and would generate jobs: Hiring of new bus drivers (new hires), mechanics and service personnel, construction contracts (resulting in construction jobs for idle workers and architectural firms and landscape designers).
Board of Education
1111 Somewhere Drive
Columbus, SC 55512
Page 2
Federal funds (grants) of several million dollars have been applied for and won for federal desegregation and also State funds to ensure the elevation level of education provided which would cover the hiring of new teachers and lower the teacher-pupil ratio and add additional guidance counselors to help with any merging issues and advisory personnel. Furthermore, the annexations of several unincorporated areas will allow additional white students into the public school system and slow the percentage rate of black students and defray the cost of financially burdening the educational system.
Consequently, as stated above desegregating is advantageous to all and we (Board of Education) hope that you will participate willingly and do your share to make this work.
Sincerely,
Sam Paules
Chairman
Board of Education
Stories told and told from Beginning to Infinite
Inspired by How stories came to be (Seneca), located in The Girl Who Helped Thunder and other native American Folktales, By James Bruchac and Joseph Brucha, Ph.D.
A time of silence became an eventful beginning g of tales of deeds done unique of marvelous feats of heroic and heroine of beauty favor in soul and spirit
Gaqka whose name means crow of black feathers remembrance was an orphan with none to love or care deep for his clothes were ragged bad
Mocked for his appearance he still went on for he was young and still had time to strive on for he had no one to help him survive
A day of hunting brought forth a meeting of a man’s face made of stone in a cliff of old ancient who spoke gently to Gaqka for he wished to hear hear something different
Surprise curiosity became Gaqka’s face as he was told by the face of stone that he would be told a story as long as he received an offering
Giving freely he gave of his little bounty and listened deep attentively to his first story he ever heard with ears of charm enraptured
Thankfulness running quietly within Gaqka he returned home and retold the story for a small pouch of gift and listened again and again to the face of stone
As he was told stories of unique he relayed them all faithfully to the people and received gifts of return and transformed from a small boy of ragged clothes to a tall man of wise enrichment of features and a new name became his of Hage-ota the Teller of Stories
By
Felicia McCaw
A time of silence became an eventful beginning g of tales of deeds done unique of marvelous feats of heroic and heroine of beauty favor in soul and spirit
Gaqka whose name means crow of black feathers remembrance was an orphan with none to love or care deep for his clothes were ragged bad
Mocked for his appearance he still went on for he was young and still had time to strive on for he had no one to help him survive
A day of hunting brought forth a meeting of a man’s face made of stone in a cliff of old ancient who spoke gently to Gaqka for he wished to hear hear something different
Surprise curiosity became Gaqka’s face as he was told by the face of stone that he would be told a story as long as he received an offering
Giving freely he gave of his little bounty and listened deep attentively to his first story he ever heard with ears of charm enraptured
Thankfulness running quietly within Gaqka he returned home and retold the story for a small pouch of gift and listened again and again to the face of stone
As he was told stories of unique he relayed them all faithfully to the people and received gifts of return and transformed from a small boy of ragged clothes to a tall man of wise enrichment of features and a new name became his of Hage-ota the Teller of Stories
By
Felicia McCaw
Pretty Face the Courageous
Inspired by The Girl Who Helped Thunder (Lenape), located in The Girl Who Helped Thunder and other native American Folktales, By James Bruchac and Jposeph Brucha, Ph.D.
In a village of the Lenape People lived a woman of over conceit who estimated her beauty too far
Years passed flowed and none were deemed good as match of fit and unmarried she still was
A day of unremark occupied and a man of stranger appeared and requested her hand in marriage true and said follow me
Defying her parents and showing streak of stubborn willful will she left and followed him followed him with thoughts of none into water deep
Beguiled seduced she followed him known as Amankamek to his home of stones piled large and bade her enter enter enter and he would hunt hunt hunt
Looking behind her she saw a huge snake with scales of glistening green with silver shining seeming translucent glow in light cast
Remembering belatedly of fable known that Amankamek was the great snake of old who lived in the river of none returned and called on Grandfather of Thunder enemy of his to kill him fierce
Appearing out of clouds of mist he came throwing bolt after fierce bolt killing him and all his people of village of stone and she lived with the People of Thunder because of her bravery and to remind all to be careful of who you choose to love and wed
By
Felicia McCaw
In a village of the Lenape People lived a woman of over conceit who estimated her beauty too far
Years passed flowed and none were deemed good as match of fit and unmarried she still was
A day of unremark occupied and a man of stranger appeared and requested her hand in marriage true and said follow me
Defying her parents and showing streak of stubborn willful will she left and followed him followed him with thoughts of none into water deep
Beguiled seduced she followed him known as Amankamek to his home of stones piled large and bade her enter enter enter and he would hunt hunt hunt
Looking behind her she saw a huge snake with scales of glistening green with silver shining seeming translucent glow in light cast
Remembering belatedly of fable known that Amankamek was the great snake of old who lived in the river of none returned and called on Grandfather of Thunder enemy of his to kill him fierce
Appearing out of clouds of mist he came throwing bolt after fierce bolt killing him and all his people of village of stone and she lived with the People of Thunder because of her bravery and to remind all to be careful of who you choose to love and wed
By
Felicia McCaw
Maushop the Giant
Inspired by Maushop, The Good Giant (Wampanoag), located in The Girl Who Helped Thunder and other native American Folktales, By James Bruchac and Joseph Bruchac, Ph.D.
A time when the Earth was new and the Wampanoag lived good and was loved by Maushop the Giant dear as his children
Teacher and helper he nurtured them long for many moons and days until they relied on him for the most mundane tasks
Becoming servant, slave one day he became tired for they became too lazy to walk for they requested his help in all tasks and did none
Realization struck him hard heavy that he had indulged them all long for over he knew he had to leave so that they could learn to live and be self-reliant to survive future and never rely heavy on anybody
By
Felicia McCaw
A time when the Earth was new and the Wampanoag lived good and was loved by Maushop the Giant dear as his children
Teacher and helper he nurtured them long for many moons and days until they relied on him for the most mundane tasks
Becoming servant, slave one day he became tired for they became too lazy to walk for they requested his help in all tasks and did none
Realization struck him hard heavy that he had indulged them all long for over he knew he had to leave so that they could learn to live and be self-reliant to survive future and never rely heavy on anybody
By
Felicia McCaw
Friday, November 21, 2014
The Little Engine Who said I Can
Inspired by The Little Engine that Could written by Watty Piper.
Puff Puff a choo achoo I am I am one to go to go and try anyway
Forward Forward I scale heights above all that none could ever obtain
Bringing joy and sunshine the Little Red Engine crested to heights of Ocapello with goodies for boys and girls
Singing their own song were toy animals of giraffes, teddy bears, dolls with curls aplenty and bob of shape, toy engines, airplanes, tops, jack-knives, puzzle of pictorial scenes, books, toys of variety of rich, fruits, milk, vegetables that said I’m good to eat and candy for treats of reward
Rich with abundance clear the little engine chugged along merrily and screamed I’m coming up the mountain and happy I am for the children are my joy to surprise you until eyes are wide and joy surround us all
But alas the strain became too hard and the little engine sighed quiet and said I cannot anymore breathing hard
Engine by engine came by and said nay nay not I not I for important am I am I for duties of high became me rich abundance
Until one small blue engine said I will I will help you all until I achieve the wishes of all for the children are my dearest wish to see happy happy again, merry at play, safe and free as the wind blow sweet and kind
The Red Engine that sighed tired became the Little Blue Engine’s love and became one
By
Felicia McCaw
Puff Puff a choo achoo I am I am one to go to go and try anyway
Forward Forward I scale heights above all that none could ever obtain
Bringing joy and sunshine the Little Red Engine crested to heights of Ocapello with goodies for boys and girls
Singing their own song were toy animals of giraffes, teddy bears, dolls with curls aplenty and bob of shape, toy engines, airplanes, tops, jack-knives, puzzle of pictorial scenes, books, toys of variety of rich, fruits, milk, vegetables that said I’m good to eat and candy for treats of reward
Rich with abundance clear the little engine chugged along merrily and screamed I’m coming up the mountain and happy I am for the children are my joy to surprise you until eyes are wide and joy surround us all
But alas the strain became too hard and the little engine sighed quiet and said I cannot anymore breathing hard
Engine by engine came by and said nay nay not I not I for important am I am I for duties of high became me rich abundance
Until one small blue engine said I will I will help you all until I achieve the wishes of all for the children are my dearest wish to see happy happy again, merry at play, safe and free as the wind blow sweet and kind
The Red Engine that sighed tired became the Little Blue Engine’s love and became one
By
Felicia McCaw
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